Painesville, Geneva & Kent, OH

January 5, 1990 - Inspirational Media International (IMI), Painesville, Ohio (USA). Led by Dr. Michael J. Whitely.

July 4, 2002 - Phoenix Peace Fountain, Coleraine, County Londonderry (Northern Ireland). Gift from "the communities of the USA to the communities of Northern Ireland,...celebrates 'Northern Ireland rising from the ashes of past violence...' In the form of Giant's Causeway stones... Above these sits the phoenix bird arising from the flames... Within are the melted down thousands of guns which were collected from across America between March 2001 and February 2002. Some of the outlines of these firearms are still to be seen within the 'Nest' of the bird and also at the base of the pool." Contributors mainly from northern Ohio. Project led by Dr. Michael J. Whitely of Kent State University & Inspirational Media International, Inc. (IMI).

December 23, 2009 - Singing Santa Claus, Geneva, Ohio (USA). "From up on the rooftop of a Geneva fire truck, an anonymous Santa Claus will spend the next three days trying to beat the Guinness Book of World Records for the longest continuous singing Santa... Geneva police and firefighters will watch over the secret Santa as he attempts to sing for 75 hours straight and enforce the Guinness Book of World Records rules. Santa can only have one, five-minute break every hour. He must eat, use the bathroom and remain safe through the sing."

1990 - May 4 Memorial, Daffodil Hill, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio (USA). "Resting on a 2 1/2-acre wooded site overlooking Kent State University's commons, the May 4 Memorial commemorates the events of May 4, 1970 [during the Viet-Nam War], when four students were killed and nine were wounded during an anti-war protest on the Kent Campus. A progression of four polished black granite disks embedded in the earth lead from the plaza to four free-standing pylons aligned on the hill. The disks reflect our own image as we stand on them; the pylons stand as mute sentinels to the force of violence and the memory of the four students killed."

Cleveland, OH

1939 - American Legion Peace Gardens, Cleveland Cultural Gardens, Rockefeller Park, Cleveland, Ohio (USA). Created by the American Legion after World War I. Inscription: "Here may the intermingeld soil from historic shrines of the nations of the world...symbolize the united effort of their peoples as they advance to a better understanding. These gardens, planned by men who know the horrors of war, are dedicated to the brotherhood of men and peace throughout the world."

1964 - "Peace Arising from the Flames of War," Fountain of Eternal Life, Veterans’ Memorial Plaza, Cleveland, Ohio (USA). 46-foot sculpture by Marshall Fredericks [1908-1998] which took 19 years to complete. Surrounded by four carved blocks of granite representing the four corners of the earth. Also known as "War Memorial Fountain" and "Peace Memorial Fountain." Photo by EWL.

October 1, 2006 - Gandhi Statue, Indian Cultural Garden, Cleveland, Ohio (USA). At the unveiling, Indian Ambassador Sen welcomed the crowd on behalf of India, the world's largest democracy and home of 1.1 billion people. He told how when Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. visited India that he was greeted more enthusiastically than any head of state. When asked about this visit to India, Dr King replied that it was not a visit. "I've come here on a pilgrimage to the land of Gandhi."

South Bass Island, OH

June 13, 1915 - Perry's Victory & International Peace Memorial, Put-in-Bay, South Bass Island, Ohio (USA). "Established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the war of 1812, but in equal part it is here to celebrate the long-lasting peace between Britain, Canada, and the US." Entry #818 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Toledo, OH

1654 - "Landscape with Peace & Justice Embracing," Toledo Museum of Art (TMA), Toledo, Ohio (USA). By French painter Laurent de La Hyre [1606-1656].

2002 - Viet Nam Peace Arch Memorial & Plaza, Civic Center Mall, Toledo, Ohio (USA). Honors Vietnam War veterans. By local artist Kenneth M. Thompson. One of a series of archways that include 'Reclamation Archway' for Blue Cross/Blue Shield in Detroit and 'Ferris Arch; at Ferris State University in Big Rapids, Michigan. According to Thompson, the arch's two stacked limestone columns and limestone lintel have 'a monumental solitude that conveys strength and peace.'"

Gibsonburg, OH

2008 - "The Mahatma" (Gandhi Statue), Toledo Area Sculptors Guild, 211 Cedar Street, Gibsonburg, Ohio (USA). Sculpted by James Havens. On sale for $60,000. Havens also made Peace Sculpture (qv) at Woodstock School, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand (India).

June 2004 - Peace Sculpture, Woodstock School, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand (India). Sumerian cuneiform character for "peace" (oldest known language). Stainless steel sculpture by Jim Havens of Gibsonburg, Ohio (USA). (Sumerian is a language created out of necessity for the grain trade circa 2,500 BCE.) Photo by EWL.

Bluffton, OH

1930's - "Swords Into Plowshares," Klassen Court, Bluffton College, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). Bronze plaque by John Peter Klassen [1888-1975]. Based on Issiah 2:4: "They shall beat their swords into plowshares." Photo by EWL. Klassen Clourt conains several other outdoor sculptures by John Peter Klassen.

1984 - Constellation Earth, Snyder Traffic Circle, Bluffton College, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). "An eight-foot sphere celebrating the global family." Duplicate of bronze sculpture by Paul Theodore Granlund [1925-2003] which the City of St. Paul, Minnesota (USA), presented in 1992 to Nagasaki (Japan) for the "Peace Symbols Zone" in Nagasaki Peace Park. Photo by EWL.

October 1992 - Constellation Earth, World Peace Symbol Zone, Nagasaki Peace Park, Nagasaki (Japan). Bronze sculpture by Paul Granlund [1925-2003] donated by the citizens of sister city St. Paul, Minneasota (USA). "The seven human figures represent the continents. The interdependence of the figures symbolizes global peace and solidarity." There are several copies of the same sculpture in the USA.

1987 - Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). Educational center but in effect a museum of peace art. Several other peace monuments are in the adjacent Peace Garden. Director is Louise Matthews. Entry #790 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Affiliated with International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).

1994 - Peace Thrones, below Sauder Visual Arts Center near Riley Creek, Bluffton University, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). Created by B. Amore & Woody Dorsey. Stone seats for conversation or meditation. "Based on legends found in many cultures, the three large granite rocks create a neutral space to foster dialogue and listening in an effort to resolve conflict through dialogue without resorting to violence." Image scanned from university brochure.

1997 - Peace Wall & Moon Gate, Peace Garden at the Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). By Jon Barlow Hudson. "Replicates the Berlin Wall, a prison wall, a stockade wall & a memorial wall as an interactive art experience representing how we close people out, hold them in, or immortalize them with walls of various kinds." Names 68 peace activists. Entry #793 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1997 - Peace House, Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). By Jack Mann, art professor at Wittenburg University. Stainless steel sculpture intended to evoke "the peaceful and not-so-peacefull world of 'home.'"

1997 - Jonah & the Whale, Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). By Gregg Luginbuhl, art professor at Bluffton University. Invites viewers "to sit and ponder their own experiences of transformation from chaos to peace."

2007 - Peace Pole, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). The six-sided western cedar International Peace Pole marks the Lion and Lamb’s 20th year of promoting peace. [The peace prayer} “May peace prevail on earth” [of Masahisa Goi, 1916-1980] is translated into 12 languages, most of which represent the languages of current Bluffton University students: Arabic, Bosnia, English, French, German, Hindi, Indonesian, Japanese, Lakota Sioux, Russian, Spanish & Swahili. This is one of more than 200,000 peace poles planted in all parts of the world.

Dayton, OH

July 2003 - Peace Pole, Riverscape MetroPark, Deeds Point, Webster Street, Dayton, Ohio (USA). Donated by Friendship Force of Dayton to outdoor "Centennial of Flight" exhibit (which -- according to the exhibit -- climaxed with the Dayton Peace Accords on December 24, 1995).

October 14, 2005 - Dayton International Peace Museum, Pollack House, Dayton. Ohio (USA). Founded by Christine & Ralph Dull. First director was Steve Fryburg. Click here for Wikipedia article. Associated with the Future Energy & Conservation Center, Dull Homestead, Brookville, Ohio. Member of International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).

September 4, 2009 - Missing Peace Art Space," 234 South Dutoit Street, Dayton Ohio (USA). "A non-profit art gallery exploring the use of art in all forms as a means to communicate the human desire for peace." Gabriela Pickett, owner, & Steve Fryburg, director. Right image shows "Peace March" by Max Ginsburg (2007) from the gallery's first exhibition, "Know Justice, Know Peace." Member of International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).

Wilmington, OH

August 6, 1975 - Peace Resource Center (PRC), Wilmington College of Ohio, Wilmington, Ohio (USA). "Has "the world's largest collection (outside of Japan) of reference materials related to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima & Nagasaki." Founded by Barbara Leonard Reynolds who also founded the World Friendship Center (WFC) in Hiroshima (Japan) in 1965. Entry #820 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).

September 20, 2009 - "Who Sends Thee?," between Watson Library and the Meriam R. Hare Quaker Heritage Center, Wilmington College, Wilmington, Ohio (USA). "750-pound bronze statue features Quakers and tells a uniquely Quaker story. Indeed, members of the Society of Friends were behind much of its $84,000 fundraising effort... Reflects the Quaker Testimonies of peace, integrity, simplicity, community and equality. Depicts local Quakers, Isaac and Sarah Harvey, on their way to Washington D.C. to speak with President Abraham Lincoln about the emancipation of enslaved persons in 1862."

Cincinnati, OH

May 17, 2003 - Theodore M. Berry International Friendship Park, Downtown Eastern Ohio Riverfront, Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). "A group of design professionals, artists, educators and sister city representatives - which was formed to promote a 'peace park' - asked the Cincinnati Park Board to name the property International Friendship Park, to commemorate international understanding and friendship." Theodore M. Berry [1905-2000] was Cincinnati's first African American mayor (December 1972 to November 1975).

August 2004 - National Underground Railroad Freedom Center, 50 East Freedom Way, Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). Interprets the Underground Railroad and "pays tribute to all efforts to abolish human enslavement and secure freedom for all people." Described on pages 348-349 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). to see Wikipedia article.

1840 - "The Slave Trade" by French painter Auguste-Francois Biard [1800-1882]. As of June 2007, it hangs at the entrance to the "From Slavery to Freedom" exhibit at the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati, Ohio (USA).

September 25, 2005 - "Peace Pole Garden," Beech Acres Park, Anderson Township, Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). A project of Greater Anderson Promotes Peace (GAPP). "The Peace Pole Garden is a peaceful area, with a winding path and 6 granite benches inscribed with "Let peace prevail on the Earth" in Arabic, Cherokee, Chinese, English, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Japanese, Russian, Spanish and Swahili." By landscape architect David P. Whittiker, ASLA.

Newport, KY

December 31, 1999 - World Peace Bell, World Peace Bell Center, 425 York Street (4th & York), Newport, Kentucky (USA) -- just across Ohio River from Cincinnatti, Ohio. World's largest free-swinging bell. Dedicated on the eve of the new millenium. Cast in France in 1998 for the Verdin Company of Cincinnatti. Not associated with World Peace Bell Association (Japan). Entry #355 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Click here for air view.

Richmond, IN

1962 - Statue of Mary Dyer, Stout Meeting House, Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). Copy of original statue in Boston. "The Massachusetts legislature enacted a law that every Quaker in its jurisdiction should be banished on pain of death. Mary Dyer [c1611-1660] was hanged in May 1660 for re-entering that colony, rather than abandon the principles of freedom of speech and conscience."

1959 - Statue of Mary Dyer, Massachusetts State House, Boston, Massachusetts (USA). Original statue by Quaker sculptor Sylvia Shaw Judson [1897-1978].

1975 - Statue of Mary Dyer, Friends Center, 1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA). Copy of original statue in Boston.

Indianapolis, IN

1987 - Pan American Plaza, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). Built in commemoration of the 1987 Pan American Games held in Indianapolis. Site of the Pan American Skating Arena, now the Indiana/World Skating Academy (I/WSA).

1996 - "A Landmark for Peace," MLK Park, one block west of 17th Street & College Avenue, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). Marks the spot where presidential candidate Robert F. Kennedy [1926-1968] announced on April 4, 1968, to a large, mostly Black audience that Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. [1929-1968] had just been assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. (Kennedy was assassinated on June 6, 1968.) Designed by Indiana artist Greg Perry, the monument includes busts of King & Kennedy sculpted by controversial artist Daniel Edwards from handguns melted down after a police buy back program. Click here for a description by Rev. Chris Buice of Knoxville, Tennessee, including text of Kennedy's speech which helped prevent race riots as occured in at least 110 other US cities. Click here for a 2009 video about the event and monument. Click here for air view of the park & monument. A plaque credits Diane Meyer Simon and various Simon family interests as major contributors. The plaque also says that the monument is "Dedicated to the memory of Larry Conrad" but says nothing about Conrad (a local lawyer and Democratic politician who died in 1990). Visited by EWL 08Aug09.

June 30, 2010 - Glick Peace Walk, Walnut Street (between Meridian Street & Capitol Avenue), Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). Adjacent to Scottish Rite Cathedral and within sight of American Legion headquarters building. Has 12-foot illuminated steel-and-glass scuptures honoring Susan B. Anthony, Andrew Carnegie, Thomas Edison, Albert Einstein, Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King, Jr., Franklin D. & Eleanor Roosevelt, Jonas Salk, Mark Twain, Booker T. Washington, and the Wright Brothers. From article dated June 26, 2009: "Indianapolis real estate mogul Gene Glick always wanted to build an homage to peace in a city whose icon is the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Monument." The Peace Walk will be a segment of the 8-mile, $55 million "Indianapolis Cultural Trail: A Legacy of Gene & Marilyn Glick" which is now under construction and toward which Glick donated $15 million. Visited by EWL 08Aug09.

Danville, IL

S T A T U E

March 10, 1919 - World War I Memorial, West Main & South Gilbert Streets, Danville, Illinois (USA). Statue of Peace on top. Two soldiers, a sailor & a nurse on the four corners of the base. Inscription on front: "Whereas: it is the desire of the City of Danville to erect some permanent structure as a Monument & Memorial to the Gallant Soldiers and Sailors of Danville who participated in the World’s War of 1914 and 1918 , and Whereas: the bridge over the Vermilion River at Gilbert Street in said City needs to be replaced - - Therefore: be it resolved by the City Council of Danville Illinois that a new bridge be built over the Vermilion River at Gilbert Street in said City - - Said bridge to be a Monument and memorial to our Soldiers as set forth in the Preamble hereof & to be known as 'The Victory Bridge.' Adopted March 10, 1919."

Springfield, IL

1874 - Lincoln's Tomb, Oak Ridge Cemetery, Springfield, Illinois (USA). Includes reproductions of Lincoln statues in Chicago & Washington, DC. Mary Todd Lincoln and sons Tad, Willie & Eddie are also buried here, but not son Robert (who is buried in Arlington National Cemetery).

1887 - Home of Abraham Lincoln & Mary Todd Lincoln, National Park Service (NPS), Springfield, Illinois (USA). Abraham Lincoln & Mary Todd Lincoln lived here 1844-1961. Donated by their son Robert to State of Illinois in 1887 and immediately opened to public (making it one of the earliest publicly held historical sites in the USA). Donated to National Park Service in 1972.

M U S E U M

October 14, 2004, & April 19, 2005 - Lincoln Presidential Library & Museum, Springfield, Illinois (USA). Displays all aspects of Lincoln's life & presidency, including the emacipation of American slaves.

Effingham, IL

July 2001 - Cross, Interstate Highways 57 & 70, Effingham, Illinois (USA). "A 198-foot (60 m) steel cross erected by The Cross Foundation which claims that the cross is the tallest in the United States even though The Great Cross (260-foot / 79 m) in St. Augustine, Florida is believed to be the tallest freestanding cross in the world."

St. Louis, MO

1877 "Peace and Vigilance," Old Post Office, N 8th St at Olive St, St. Louis, Missouri (USA). By renowned artist Daniel Chester French [1850-1931]. Moved indoors in 1989. "Vigilance is on the ball. She is alert, scanning the horizon. Her posture is relaxed, but a sword is ready in her right hand. Peace, on the other hand, is harder to interpret. She holds an olive branch in her left hand (I don't know if the lefty olive has a meaning) but, frankly, she looks depressed rather than peaceful. Maybe her lover left, her dog died and, as the old Commander Cody song has it, she's down to seeds and stems again, too. The eagle shrieks over the whole scene. Vigilance might appreciate the scouting help, but how is Peace going to get any, well, peace with that screaming bird over her head? Maybe that's why she's depressed."

May 1940 - "The Wedding of the Waters," Aloe Plaza, St. Louis, Missouri (USA). Symbolizes the Missouri & Mississippi Rivers merging just North of St. Louis. Unveiled to a crowd of about 3000 people, the fountain caused a local uproar because of its playful, irreverent, naked & nearly cartoonish figures, and because Swedish sculptor Carl Milles [1875-1955] had conceived the group as a wedding party with undeniable sexual overtones. The city insisted that the name be changed to "The Meeting of the Waters."

July 24, 1967 - Gateway Arch, Mississippi Riverfront, St. Louis, Missouri (USA). Also known as the Gateway to the West, is an integral part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and the iconic image of St. Louis. Designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen [1910-1961] and German-American structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel [1925-1993] in 1947. Stands 630 feet (192 m) tall, and is 630 feet (192 m) wide at its base, making it the tallest monument in the USA."

Fulton, MO

1969 - Winston Churchill Memorial & Library in the United States, Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri (USA). Includes a museum in the undercroft of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, a 12th century church from the middle of London which was redesigned by Sir Christopher Wren in 1677, bombed out during WW-II, and relocated to Fulton in 19___. Right image shows section of the Berlin Wall erected outside the church. Churchill made his famous "Iron Curtain" speech at Westminster College in 1946, and Mikhail Gorbachev gave a speech there in 1992 declaring the end of the Cold War. Visited by EWL.

November 9, 1990 - Breakthrough, Latshaw Plaza, adjacent to Winston Churchill Memorial, Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri (USA). By British-born artist Edwina Sandys. "Where Churchill first coined the historic phrase the 'Iron Curtain.' It has been called the most significant monument to be constructed on American soil since the Vietnam War Memorial. Created from eight massive sections of the Berlin Wall. Features male and female forms cut out from the wall’s concrete surface, symbolizing a passage through the wall to freedom."

Columbia, MO

1970 - Peace Park, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri (USA). After the shootings at Kent State University [in Ohio on May 4, 1970], students named an area of MacAlester Park "Peace Park." A ring of rocks commemorates the Kent State stootings. Image shows the nearby bridge.

Independence, MO

July 1957 - Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, 500 West US Highway 24, Independence, Missouri (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.

April 17, 1994 - Temple of Peace (Independence Temple), Community of Christ, World Plaza, Independence, Missouri (USA).

April 17, 1994 - Peace Door, Independence Temple, Community of Christ, World Plaza, Independence, Missouri (USA). In 1874, the Community of Christ adopted as its official seal a lion and lamb led by a child with the words "Peace" underneath. Every day at 1:30 pm, a Prayer for Peace is held in the temple. The Community of Christ International Peace Award has been bestowed annually since 1993 (except 1996).

1995 - Children's Peace Pavilion, in Community of Christ Auditorium building, 100 West Walnut, Independence, Missouri (USA). A peace museum for children. Associated with Community of Christ Church. Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.

1995 - Statue of Sadako Sasaki, United Nations Peace Plaza, Lexington Avenue & Walnut Street, Independence, Missouri (USA). Near auditorum where President Truman declared the creation of the United Nations. Maintained by Community of Christ (Reorganized Mormon Church). Click here for air view.

April 12, 2002 - Swords Into Plowshares Peace Monument, World Plaza, Independence Temple, Community of Christ, Independence, Missouri (USA). Sculpted by Dave Martin. Dedicated by Ela Ghandi, recipient of the 2002 Community of Christ International Peace Award.

Kansas City, MO

T O W E R

S P I N X

November 11, 1926 - Liberty Memorial, 100 West 26th Street, Kansas City, Missouri (USA). Includes a 217-foot/66-m tower, 148-foot/45-m frieze, two exhibit halls, and two huge sphinxes named "Memory" (facing East toward Europe) & "Future" (facing West). Ground was broken November 1, 1921, by Lieutenant General Baron Jacques (Belgium), General Armando Diaz (Italy), Marshal Ferdinand Foch (France), General John J. Pershing (USA), and Admiral David Beatty (UK).

F R I E Z E

November 11, 1926 - "Great Frieze of War & Peace," Liberty Memorial, 100 West 26th Street, Kansas City, Missouri (USA). "Carved into the limestone of the north wall (left image). 148 feet/45 meters wide & 18 feet/5.5 meters high. One of largest in the world. Sculpted by Edmond Amateis [1897-1981]. Depicts progress from war to peace." On north wall of Liberty Memorial (left image). Faces Kansas City's palatial 1914 Union Station, now rarely used for trains (right image). The single-line inscription across the 148-foot top of the frieze reads as follows: "THESE HAVE DARED BEAR THE TORCHES OF SACRIFICE AND SERVICE. THEIR BODIES RETURN TO DUST BUT THEIR WORK LIVETH FOREVERMORE. --o-- LET US STRIVE ON TO DO ALL WHICH WE MAY ACHIEVE AND CHERISH A JUST AND LASTING PEACE AMONG OURSEVES AND WITH ALL NATIONS." Here are the four shorter Biblical inscriptions in the body of the frieze: "Behold a pale horse and his name that sat on him was death and hell followed him." [Revelation 6:8] "Violence shall no more be heard in thy land wasting nor destruction within thy borders." [Issiah 60:8] "What doth the Lord require of thee but to do justly and to love mercy and to walk humbly with thy God." [Micah 6:8] "Then shall the earth yield her increase and God even our own God shall bless us." [Psalms 67:6]

M U S E U M

1926 & Reopened December 2, 2006 - National World War I Museum, Liberty Memorial, 100 West 26th Street, Kansas City, Missouri (USA). Totally reconstructed underground museum opened December 2, 2006. Left image shows new audio-visual performance including life-size trench scene. Right image shows 9,000 poppies, each representing 1,000 combatant deaths.

January 18, 2007 - "Pax Mundi II," H&R Block Headquarters, Kansas City, Missouri (USA). Conceived by Brent Collins (Gower, Missouri). Computer-modeled by Prof. Carlo H. Séquin (Computer Sciences Division, Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences Department, Uuiversitty of California, Berkeley, California). Cast, assembled and finished by Steve Reinmuth (Eugene, Oregon).

Topeka, KS

Date? - Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 15th & Monroe Streets, Topeka, Kansas (USA). Former segregated black school. Now a civil rights museum. Described on pages 335-337 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.

Abilene, KS

Date? - Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library & Museum, Abilene, Kansas (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.

Wichita, KS

May 1974 "Keeper of the Plains," Wichita, Kansas (USA). City of Wichita Public Art webpage says, "Standing on the confluence of the Big and Little Arkansas Rivers, this 44-foot steel sculpture of an Indian warrior was created by Indian artist Blackbear Bosin of Wichita. Construction of the sculpture was by Tom Washburn, Architectural Metal Products, Inc. The sculpture, erected in May 1974, was completely cut, welded and assembled in the shop and moved in one piece to the location." Mark Hatlie says, "What that site doesn't tell you, is that at the former location, the 'Keeper' faced looking out over the river. Now he faces down town. Has he gone from fisher to a shopper?"

Medicine Lodge, KS

1927 - Memorial Peace Park & Medicine Lodge Peace Treaty Pageant Grounds, Medicine Lodge, Barber County, Kansas (USA). Text of Kansas historical marker: "Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties. In October 1867, Kiowa, Comanche, Arapahoe, Apache and Cheyenne Indians [the Five Nations] signed a peace treaties with the Federal government. 15,000 Indians camped near by during the council, among them the famous chiefs Satanta [c1820-1878], Little Raven [d.1889] and Black Kettle [c1803-1868]. 500 soldiers acted as escort for the U.S. commissioners. Interest in this colorful spectacle was so widespread that Eastern papers sent correspondents, among them Henry M. Stanley [1841-1904], who later was to find Livingstone in Africa. While the treaties did not bring immediate peace they made possible the coming of the railroads and eventual settlement. The site of the council was at the confluence of the Medicine river and Elm creek, a little southwest of Medicine Lodge. Every five years a treaty pageant is re-enacted in this amphitheater. In Medicine Lodge there is a commemorative monument on the high school grounds." Second image shows old entrance posts. Third image shows Peace Treaty Statue in town of Medicine Lodge.

Granada, CO - 241 road miles from Medicine Lodge, KS

Auugust 1942 - Amache Japanese Internment Camp, Granada, Colorado (USA). Unintentional monument "140 miles east of Pueblo in SE Colorado. It was in operation by August 1942 and officially closed October 15, 1945. At its maximum population it held 7,318 people." Although buildings were removed, site is virtually untouched, and most foundations remain as they were constructed in 1942. Right image by EWL.

Big Sandy Creek, CO

April 28, 2007 - Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site, National Park Service, Big Sandy Creek, Kiowa County, Colorodo (USA). Pays tribute to the approximately 400 Cheyenne and Arapaho people (mostly women & children) who were killed November 29, 1864, by 700 Colorado volunteers who had signed up to be soldiers for 100 days.

Trinidad, CO

1965 - Drop City, 4 miles (6 km) north of Trinidad, Colorado (USA). The first rural "hippy" commune. "Inspired by architectural ideas of Buckminster Fuller [1895-1983] & Steve Baer, residents constructed geodesic domes and zonohedra to house themselves, using geometric panels made from the metal of automobile roofs & other inexpensive materials. In 1967, the group, now consisting of 10 core people, won Fuller's 'Dymaxion award' for ...for 'poetically economic' domed living structures."

Pueblo, CO

Date? - Statue of Diana (The Huntress), Union Depot (1889), Pueblo, Colorado, USA. Copy of Fuente de la Diana Cazadora (1942) in Chapultepec Park, Mexico City. Gift from sister city Puebla (Mexico) to the City of Pueblo, Colorado (USA). Visited by EWL.

Ludlow, CO

May 30, 1918 - Ludlow Monument, Ludlow, Colorado (USA). Dedicated on Memorial Day to honor the 20 victims of the "Ludlow massacre" of April 20, 1914. Vandalized in 2003 with the heads and arms of the statue figures cut and removed, but has undergone repair. Maintained by United Mine Workers of America (UMWA). Next to the monument are a cellar door and stairs leading down into the "death pit" where 11 children and two women died when fire broke out in the coal miners' tent city during their battle with the Colorado state militia. Visited by EWL.

Colorado Springs, CO

August 28, 1959 - Cadet Chapel, US Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, Colorado (USA). "The most popular man-made attraction in Colorado, with more than a half million visitors every year. Principal designer and architect was Walter A. Netsch Jr. of Chicago [whose first architectural job was in Oak Ridge, TN]."

Summer 2007 - "Continuum" (Julie Penrose Fountain), America the Beautiful Park, Colorado Springs, Colorado (USA). "A sculptural fountain representing the life-giving movement of water between the atmosphere & the earth." "An open loop of silvery-colored steel panels outfitted with 366 water jets that line the interior contours of the form. It sits on a hidden turntable so that it's able to rotate every 15 minutes. The sculpture rises from a pool that has a complicated footprint to accommodate recirculation of the water." Designed by David Barber & Bill Burgess.

Littleton, CO

September 21, 2007 - Columbine Memorial, Clement Park, Littleton, Colorado (USA). "Permanent memorial 'to honor and remember the victims of the April 20, 1999 shootings at Columbine High School' in meadow adjacdent to Littleton High School where impromptu memorials were held in the days following the shooting."

Denver, CO

November 11, 1918 - Peace Tree, Bromwell Elementary School, 2500 East Fourth Avenue, Denver, Colorado (USA). "Planted by Bromwell students to mark the end of World War I (part of many celebrations held nationwide to mark the first Armistice Day)... In 1994, the tree was struck by Dutch Elm disease [upper right image]... Bromwell’s PTSA raised money for chainsaw sculptor David Mitchell to carve the trunk into the shape of an eagle, our school mascot, so that the two main branches became wide-spread wings. The head was lowered, as though the eagle was carrying an olive branch, a well-known symbol of peace. The carving was about fifteen feet high [bottom image]... Finally, in 2006, it became clear that the Peace Tree, now called “The Eagle Tree” by our youngest students, was decaying from within and could topple and hurt someone. Our principal made the difficult decision to have it destroyed. /// It is somewhat sad that this important landmark is no longer a part of our community. In another way, it may be fitting. After all, Armistice Day is now remembered by very few, and fewer still are the people who actually experienced the horrors or the devastation of 'the war to end all wars.' Time moves on, and that is particularly true on the school playground where children run and laugh, and grow so quickly. The Peace Tree is gone now, and there are few clues to where it once stood. We have a few photographs and illustrations made by children [upper left image]. Otherwise, there is only the story."

1994 - Peace Mural, Denver International Airport, Denver, Colorado (USA). "Depicts all of the children of the world taking the weapons from each country on earth and giving them to a central figure...who has this iron fist and anvil in his hand that is totally out of proportion to the child's body, beating the swords into plowshares."

Evergreen, CO

October 23, 2008 - "Peace," Mt. Evans Hospice & Home Health Care, Evergreen Parkway, Evergreen, Colorado (USA). "Chosen from 78 submissions, the piece by Lorri Acott-Fowler is a fourteen foot bronze figure, reaching up to the sky and releasing multi-colored origami folded cranes." Click here to see videio of the artist's dedication speech.

Eisenhower-Johnson Memorial Tunnel, CO - Elevation 11,158 feet

Vail Pass, CO - Elevation 10,662 feet

Heber City, UT - 439 miles from Evergreen, CO

1931 - Historical Marker, Utah Pioneer Trails and Landmarks Association, Southwestern shore of Fish Lake, Sevier County, Utah (USA). Text: "PEACE TREATY WITH FISH LAKE INDIANS Was Made Here June 14, 1873 This treaty led up to the final treaty at Cedar Grove in Grass Valley July 1, 1873, ending the Black Hawk Indian War in Southern Utah. Present at the treaty council were: Gen. Wm. B. Pace [1832-1907] George Evans Byron Pace Albert Thurber William Jex E.R. Bean G.W. Bean Abraham Halliday Wm. Robinson Chief Tabiona and 15 others." This treaty has never been broken.

Salt Lake City, UT

1940 - International Peace Gardens, Jordan Park, Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). 24 gardens covering 8.25 acres. Initiated by Mrs. O. A. Wiesley of the SLC Council of Women. Developed by local ethnic & national groups 1948-1989. Includes Little Mermaid from Copenhagen, the Matterhorn, Olmec Head from Mexico, "Peace on Earth" statue (qv), Japanese Garden & 84 peace poles from the 2002 Winter Olympics (qv). Image shows Japanese garden added in 1950. Entry #996 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

July 1, 1947 - "Peace on Earth" Statue, American Garden, International Peace Gardens, Jordan Park, Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). "This statue in the Peace Garden is symbolic of the hope that we can leave a more peaceful future to our children." Garden (qv) was initiated in 1940 by by Mrs. O. A. Wiesley of the Salt Lake Council of Women and developed by local ethnic & national groups 1948-1989. Front inscription says, "Our hope for the children." Side inscriptons say, "Peace on Earth" & "The dawn of a new era." Sculpted by Monmon sculptor Avard T. Fairbanks [1897-1987].

Date? - "Haven of Peace," International Peace Gardens, Jordan Park, Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). Depicts anvil for forging swords into plowshares. Where is this monument exactly?

About 1960 - Peace Sculpture, Gilgal Sculpture Garden, 749 East 500 South, Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). "Designed and created by Mormon masonry contractor Thomas Battersby Child, Jr. [1888-1963] after 1945, the Gilgal Sculpture Garden contains 12 original sculptures and over 70 stones engraved with scriptures, poems, and literary texts." "Farther down, you'll notice an odd iron structure. It is meant to represent swords and spears that have been beaten into ploughshares."

February 3, 2002 - Olympic Peace Pole Path, Olympic Village, Salt Lake City, Utah (USA). 84 peace poles -- one for each participating country in the Winter Olympics. Moved to the International Peace Gardens (qv) after the games. "An additional 84 Peace Poles were donated to each country's athletic delegation to take home with them." !--Image shows poles ready for shipment at Peace Pole Makers USA, Maple City, Michigan (USA).-->

West Wendover, NV

June 1, 1990 - 509th Composite Group Monument, in parking lot of West Wendover Visitor Center, West Wendover, Nevada (USA), where the B-29 crews trained before being deployed to Tinian Island for the missions which bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Wendover and West Wendover are on the border between Utah and Nevada. Dedicated by retired General Paul Tibbets [1915-2007], former commander of the 509th Composite Group and pilot of the B-29 "Enola Gay" on August 6, 1945.

Elko, NV

Future - Elko Community Peace Park, Elko, Nevada (USA). "The 8.5 acre park, featuring Nevada’s natural habitat, is located on the north side of I-80 between College Parkway and Spruce Street, south of Mittry Avenue. Park partners include the City of Elko, the Friends of the Peace Park, and a growing list of volunteers and sponsors, both local and regional."

Reno, NV - No known peace monuments

Donner Pass, CA - Elevation 7,085 feet

Chico, CA - 451 miles from Elko, NV

Summer 2007 - "Peaces of Chico," Camellia Substation, downtown Chico, California (USA). "One of the most prominently featured murals in Chico. Painted by artist Greg Payne in partnership with local high school students."

Sacramento, CA

2003 - International World Peace Rose Garden, State Capitol Park, Sacramento, California (USA). One of several such gardens in different countries sponsored by this California organization.

April 10, 1986 - Tree of Peace, Shasta Hall, California State University, Sacramento, California (USA). Original plaque (shown in image) given on Indigenous People's Day (Oct. 12, 2009) to Ensuring Native Indian Traditions club (ENIT) by E. Nathan Jones, CSU Theatre & Dance Department. Its inscription: "TREE OF PEACE. Dedicated by Chief Jake Swamp of the Mohawk Nation, April 10, 1986. 'When I look at this tree, May I be reminded that I laid down my weapons forever.'" Information courtesy of Trevor Super.

Livermore, CA

1984 - Livermore Peace Monument, Livermore, California (USA), home of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Created by local sculptor Don Homan, an employee of LLNL. Originally made of plywood but later bronzed and rededicaed by Secretary of Energy Bill Richardson. A replica has been given to sister city Yotsukaido, Chiba Prefecture (Japan). Click here to see brochure in Japanese. Entry #74 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

After 1984 - Livermore Peace Monument, Yotsukaido, Chiba Prefecture (Japan). Model of the 1984 monument in Livermore, California (USA), qv. Photo shows presentation to sister city Yotsukaido by sculptor Don Homan.

San Jose, CA

September 2008 - Arch of Dignity, Equality & Justice (César Chávez Monument), California State University, Paseo de César E. Chávez, San Jose, California (USA). By Judy Baca. "Dedicated César E. Chávez [1927-1993]. A testament to his struggles and achievements and an inspiration to others to follow a life of service."

Oakland, CA

1989 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Chabot Elementary School, Oakland, California (USA). 644 tiles. Entry #98 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Cafeteria, Merritt College, Oakland, California (USA). 1000 tiles. Entry #98 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Unity Center of Walnut Creek, Walnut Creek, California (USA).

1994 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Fruitvale Rapid Transit Station (BART), Oakland California (USA). 3500 tiles. Entry #98 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1995 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Jack London Square, Oakland, California (USA). Three sections added in July 1997 & January 1999. 3000 tiles. Entry #98 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1999 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Fruitvale Elementary School, Oakland, California (USA). 2000 tiles. Entry #98 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

2010 - "Remember Them," park next to Fox Theater, Oakland, California (USA). ''$7 million monument, featuring 25 famous people who fought for peace or human rights. They're an unlikely crew, ranging from Winston Churchill to Malcolm X to Harvey Milk to Mother Teresa. Will be one of the largest bronze sculptures in the USA -- three stories tall, weigh about 25 tons and span 90 feet. 'People don't usually pay attention to public artwork. But the artwork that people get excited about - it's big,' said Oakland artist Mario Chiodo, 48, who until now was best known for his horror masks and Las Vegas sculptures. 'If I had my way, it would have 300 people. But you've got to start someplace.'"

Berkeley, CA

1968 - "The Hawk for Peace," Berkeley Art Museum & Pacific Film Archive, University of California, Berkeley, California (USA). By Alexander Calder [1898-1976]. Click here for list of Calder sculptures in the USA, of which only the one in Berkeley is named for peace.

April 7, 1989 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Martin Luther King, Jr., Park, Berkeley, California (USA). Dedicated by Rev. Jesse Jackson. Entry #52 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Willard Middle School, 2425 Stuart Street, Berkeley, California (USA).

December 20, 1998 - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Ashkenaz Music & Dance Community Center, Berkeley, California (USA).

January 15, 2000 - Peace Bell, Martin Luther King, Jr. Civic Center Building (west entrance), 2180 Milvia Street, Berkeley, California (USA). Cast from melted guns for the 50th anniversary of the UN Charter (signed in the War Memorial Building in nearby San Francisco) by Bruce Hasson, founder of the "Bell Project" which promotes world peace by using melted-down firearms to castbells which incorporate images of nonviolence and environmental concerns. Rung at the War Memorial Building by Attorney General Janet Reno.

San Francisco, CA

1915 - "Peace," near Lake Merced, San Francisco, California (USA?). By Benny Bufano [1898-1970]. Won first prize ($500) in the "Immigrant in America" contest...over 100 other submissions. Theodore Roosevelt singled out Bufano for praise and asked to meet him... Bufano chopped off his trigger finger and sent it to President Woodrow Wilson at the onset of World War I as a protest against the war." "Graced the entrance of San Francisco Interntional Airport (SFO) for nearly four decades, is now located near Lake Merced."

1939 - "The Peacemakers" mural, Court of Pacifica, Golden Gate International Exposition (California World's Fair), Treasure Island, San Francisco, California (USA). By the three Bruton Sisters (Helen, Esther & Margaret) [1894-1992], as seen behind mural portion in right image. The fair lasted two years (1939-1940). I assume nothing is left of this mural.

June 26, 1945 - War Memorial Building, United Nations Plaza, , San Francisco, California (USA). Signing of the United Nations Charter at the United Nations Conference on International Organization by 50 of the 51 original member countries. (Poland signed later). The UN Charter entered into force on October 24, 1945. The auditorium was renamed the Herbst Theatre in 1977.

1968 - Peace Pagoda, Peace Plaza, Nihonmachi/Japantown, San Francisco, California (USA). Designed by Japanese architect Yoshiro Taniguchi [1900-1955] and presented to San Francisco by the people of Osaka (Japan).

1975 - United Nations Plaza, San Francisco, California (USA). Near the War Memorial Building where the UN charter was signed on June 26, 1945. Constructed as part of the Market Street Reconstruction Project in conjunction with the subterranean installation of the BART subway line. Now in need of redevelopment.

1981 - California African American Museum (CAAM), Exposition Park, 600 State Drive, San Francisco, California (USA).

1985? - Japanese Bell, Asian Art Museum, San Francisco, California (USA). A 2100-pound 16th-century Japanese bronze bell from a temple in Tajima Province (Japan). Ceremonially rung 108 times on New Year's Eve.

1988 - Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Ferry Building, San Francico, California (USA). Given to the city by the Gandhi Memorial International Foundation, a non-profit organization run by Yogesh K. Gandhi.

1994 - The Maestra Peace Mural, Women's Building / Casa de las mujeres, Lapidge & 18th Streets (between Valencia & Mission Streets), Mission District, San Francisco, California (USA). "Designed and painted by Juana Alicia, Miranda Bergman, Edythe Boone, Susan Kelk Cervantes, Meera Desai, Yvonne Littleton and Irene Perez. A multicultural homage to iconic women and women’s history, and its scale is incredible." "Has many messages: The healing power of women's wisdom over time, the contributions of women throughout history, and the making of history by women from all corners of the earth. A few of the famous women included are Audre Lorde, Georgia O'Keefe, and Rigoberta Menchu. In addition, female icons such as Quan Yin, Yemeyah, and Coyoxauqui lend a timeless and spiritual element to the design. Additional elements used in the overall design are fabric patterns from throughout the world."

April 2003 - Peacemakers Mural, Glide Memorial Church, Mason Street, San Francisco, California (USA). One panel (shown at left) by Dr. Fayeq Oweis. Complete mural is 160 feet wide by 6 feet tall.

November 14, 2003 - Arabic/Islamic Cultural Mural, Islamic Society of San Francisco, Market & 7th Streets, San Francisco, California (USA). 54 feet by 30 feet. Designed by Dr. Fayeq Oweis, Khalil BenDib & Said Nuseibeh.

2005 - Museum of the African Diaspora (MOAD), 685 Mission Street, San Francisco, California (USA). Permanent Exhibitions: * CELEBRATIONS: RITUALS AND CEREMONY * MUSIC OF THE DIASPORA * CULINARY TRADITIONS * ADORNMENT * SLAVERY PASSAGES * THE FREEDOM THEATER * AFRICAN ORIGINS MAP

March 30, 2008 - Abraham Lincoln Brigade Memorial, Justin Herman Plaza, foot of Market Street, Embarcadero, San Francisco, California (USA). "Designed by Ann Chamberlain and Walter Hood. Donated by the Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives and Veterans & Friends of the ALB. 40-foot long monument comprised of 45 onyx panels held together by a steel structure. The translucent stone squares show scenes from the war and the faces of some US volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), as well as words about the period from writers like Ernest Hemingway." Other ALB memorials in Madison, WI, & Seattle, WA (qv).

Future - "Global Peace Center," Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California (USA). Reuse of former prison proposed by Native Americans.

Marin County, CA

Date? - Japanese Temple Bell, Green Gulch Farm (GGF), San Francisco Zen Center, 1601 Shoreline Highway, Muir Beach, Marin County California (USA). 2008 - Peace Mural, west wall of the Good Earth Grocery, Fairfax, Marin County, California (USA). Sponsored by Marin Center for Peace & Justice.

Sonoma County, CA

1962 - "Peace," Timber Cove Inn, near Jenner, Sonoma County, California (USA). 72-foot tall obelisk by the naive/abstract Italian-born San Francisco sculptor Beniamino (Benny) Bufano [1998-1970]. Officially named "The Expanding Universe." Begun in September 1962, just weeks before the Cuban Missile Crisis, the 93-foot-tall [sic] concrete, lead, & mosaic sculpture is adorned with elements of the Madonna, Universal Child & a large, open hand -- themes of peace... From Bufano's perspective, a symbolic 'projectile' recalling the cold war's intercontinental ballistic missiles that in 1962 threatened life on earth... Bufano believed in peace, but he was...eclectic, suspicious, egotistical, occasionally hostile... Yet, Bufano's sculptures still survive &, given their hard material constituents and public ownership, will for years to come. [They] remind us of Bufano's challenge to remain vigilant in our defense of democracy, to cherish world peace, and to honor & protect the planet's children..." Click here for source of this quote.

May 23, 1998 - "Prayer for Peace," National Peace Site, Peace Garden, Ragle Ranch Regional Park, Sonoma County, California (USA). "A spectacular sculpture created by world-renowned artist Masayuki Nagase." "Selected from 52 entries. Masayuki Nagase says,"The standing granite slabs represent hands, so that a person can stand between them while facing the third piece with carved water waves symbolizing the source of human spirit and consciousness." Entry #161 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Bodega Bay, CA

1995 - Children's Bell Tower, Bodega Bay, California (USA). By Bruce Hasson, founder of the "Bell Project" which promotes world peace by using melted-down firearms to cast bells which incorporate images of nonviolence and environmental concerns.

Cazadero, CA

1980 - Elightenment Stupa, "Northwest Tibetan Temple of America, Odiyan Buddhist Retreat Center, Cazadero (California). Odiyan is "a Tibetan Buddhist monastery built by and for American Buddhists from the Nyingma Center, dedicated to saving Tibetan Buddhism.. The structures of Odiyan are being built as the first large-scale 3-dimensional mandala... The Odiyan Stupa radiates positive energy that fosters harmony in nature, peace on earth, and happiness for all beings."

Eureka, CA

K E T C H

1958? - "Golden Rule," Eureka, California (USA). Now out of water and for sale by Leon Zerlang (humtug@gmail.com). Asking price is $9,500. Email Jan. 19, 2010 from Wendy E. Chmielewski, PhD, George Cooley Curator, Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore. Pennsylvania (USA): "The sailing ship that in 1958 [Quakers] Albert Bigelow [1906-1993], James Peck [1914-1993], George Willoughby [1914-2010] (who just passed away two weeks ago), attempted to sail into the atomic testing grounds near the Marshall Islands. The ship has been repossessed by Leon Zerlang, the ship yard owner (from the bankrupt actual owner). Leon is aware of the ship's history and would like to help save The Golden Rule, but needs ideas and help on what to do to save this ship. Several years ago I received an almost identical email from another ship owner trying to save The Phoenix (qv), a sailing ship with a similar history. I don't know the fate of The Phoenix. It would be a shame to lose still another piece of peace movement history. Ideally something like The Golden Rule, a beautiful sailing ship, should be preserved by the Smithsonian, but I don't know that they have any interest in it." Right image shows Earle Reynolds [1910-1998], his second wife Akie Nagami, Phil Drath, Betty Boardman, Bob Eaton, Horace Champhy, and Ivan Massar embarking from Misaki, Kanagawa (Japan) on February 16, 1967, en route to North Vietnam with medical supplies. "In 1959, Bigelow published a book, "Voyage of the Golden Rule: An Experiment with Truth," which documented his journey. The story would go on to inspire fellow Quaker Marie Bohlen to suggest the use of a similar tactic to members of the Vancouver-based Don't Make a Wave Committee (later to become Greenpeace) in 1970."

Mount Shasta, CA

September 30, 2007 - Mount Shasta Community Peace Mural, Visitor's Bureau Park, Mount Shasta, California (USA). 8 feet by 20 feet mural depicts what various community members see as their "Vision of Peace." Sponsored by the Siskiyou Arts Council (SAC).

Ashland, OR

Mother's Day 2007 - "Peace Fence," Ashland, Oregon (USA). Jean Bakewell's idea to transform an unsightly chain link fence that runs along railroad tracks. The panels express each contributor's vision about the human spirit and hopes for peace. There are intricate quilts and beautifully sewn works, oil paintings on canvas, collages, batik and tie-died works, hand painted signs and statements... In the summer of 2008, the entire Peace Fence was destroyed by vandals. But the Peace Fence is neither gone nor forgotten." See the Peace Wall.

2009 - "Peace Wall," Ashand Public Library, Ashland Oregon (USA). Successor to the vandalized Peace Fence (qv). "Artist Kay Cutter is transferring photographic images of every Peace Fence panel (over 200 of them) onto ceramic tiles."

Eugene, OR

Future - Peace Park, Alton Baker Park (at the base of the DeFazio Footbridge & near the Ferry Street Bridge), Eugene, Oregon (USA). The Peace Park will consist of a Peace Path and an information kiosk at the entrance to the path. A stone wall will border the winding path and plaques on pillars alongside the path will acknowledge each American winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.

Salem, OR

1988 - Peace Plaza, Between City Hall & City Library, Salem, Oregon (USA). Click here for annual tree photos. Entry #848 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Newberg, OR

1949 - George Fox University, 414 North Meridian Street, Newberg, Oregon (USA). Founded in 1891 by Quaker pioneers. Named George Fox College in 1949. Merged with Western Evangelical Seminary & renamed George Fox Univesity in 1996.

Portland, OR

February 1990 - Sapporo Bell, Oregon Convention Center, Portland, Oregon, (USA). Gift from City of Sapporo, Hokkaido (Japan), to the City of Portland "in commoration of 30 years of sisterhood." Cast by Sotetsu Iwasawa, Iwasawa no Bonsho Co., Ltd., Kyoto (Japan). Rung electronically with bell from sister city Ulsan (South Korea) in sequence written by Robert Coburn.

August 3, 1990 - Japanese American Historical Plaza & Bill of Rights Memorial, Gov. Tom McCall Waterfront Park, 2 Northwest Naito Parkway, Portland, Oregon (USA). "A unique and beautiful sculpture garden. Dotted with cherry trees, the plaza serves as a memorial to the Japanese Americans who were detained in concentration camps during WWII." "Dedicated to the memory of those who were deported to inland internment camps during World War II. In the memorial garden, artwork tells the story of the Japanese people in the Northwest - of immigration, elderly immigrants, native-born Japanese Americans, soldiers who fought in US military services during the war, and the business people who worked hard and had hope for the children of the future. A sculpture by Jim Gion, Songs of Innocence, Songs of Experience, also graces the plaza."

May 31, 2006 - Portland Peace Memorial Park, just south of Steele Bridge, Portland, Oregon (USA). Surrounded by expressways. Dedicated on Memorial Day. "Orchestrated by the Oregon chapter of Veterans for Peace. ...thought to be the largest memorial to the idea of peace in America [sic!]." Or called Portland Memorial Peace Park?

Toledo-Winlock, WA

2002 - Gospodor Monument Park, Camus Road, Toledo-Winlock (near Olympia), Washington (USA). "Four towering memorials commemorating Jesus, Chief Seattle, Mother Teresa, and the Holocaust with statues or symbols atop 100-foot-plus steel-pipe towers. Visible for miles, especially at night. Dominic Gospodor had planned five more monuments: Two large ones to honor African-American history and the 17,000 people killed each year by drunken driving. Three statues to commemorate Jonas Salk, Susan B. Anthony, and William Seward. He said his monument project has so far cost him about $500,000. Gospodor is horrified by the Holocaust. Raised Catholic, he is especially concerned about the church's inaction during World War II: "They all remained silent. Everybody remained silent."

Seattle, WA

1962 - Kobe Bell, near Intiman Playhouse, Seattle Center (former world's fair grounds), Seattle, Washington, USA. Gift from sister city Kobe (Japan) to the City of Seattle at time of the Seattle World's Fair (also know as the Century 21 Exposition).

1963 - Broken Obelisk, Central Plaza (Red Square), near Suzallo Library, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (USA). One of four identical monuments by Barnett Newman [1905-1970]. Each is 6,000 pounds of Corten steel more than 25 feet high -- a pyramid topped by a reversed obelisk ascending yet torn, or 'broken,' at its top, obviously some kind of symbolic object roughly resembling traditional monuments of combined pyramid and obelisk. Newman himself described the sculpture in terms conventional to his art: 'It is concerned with life, and I hope I have transformed its tragic content into a glimpse of the sublime.'" See identical monuments in Berlin, Houston & New York City.

About 1990 - Friendship Bell, Washington State Convention & Trade Center, Seattle, Washington (USA). Gift from Yosoji Kobayashi, President of Nippon Television Network Corp. (NHK) and the Yomiuri Shimbun newspaper chain (which buys newsprint from the State of Wshington).

August 6, 1990 - Sadako Peace Park, 40th Street & Roosevelt Way, NE, Seattle, Washington (USA). Initiative of conscientious objector Floyd W. Schmoe [1895-2001] who rebuilt homes in Hiroshima (Japan) & won the Hiroshima Peace Prize in 1998. Inscription: "Sadako Sasaki, Peace Child. She gave us the paper crane to symbolize our yearning for peace in the world. A gift to the people of Seattle from Fratelli's Ice Cream. Daryl Smith - Sculptor. 1990." Vandalized in December 2005 but repaired. Upper image shows Schmoe & peace cranes. Lower image shows hibakusha Ken Nakano of Kirkland, WA. Entry #1063 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

August 1949-1952 - "Houses for Hiroshima," at the foot of Ebasara-yama Hill, Eba-machi, Hiroshima (Japan). "Forestry scholar Floyd Schmoe [1895-2001] came up with a plan to build houses for people in Hiroshima. Friends Pacific Yearly Meeting and the Japan Friends Years Meeting [sic] cooperated to raise funds. Money eventually came from Canada, France, China and other countries around the world... Houses were built every year from 1950 to 1952. In addition. a community center was constructed in 1951." Upper image shows Schmoe and Mayor Shinzo Hamai [1905-1968] looking at a stone lantern in the garden. "The lantern inscribed "That There May Be Peace" in both English and Japanese, symbolizing the philosophy of Schmoe."

November 16, 1991 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial, Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Park, Martin Luther King, Jr., Way (between South Walker & South Bayview Streets), Seattle, Washington (USA). A 4.5 acre park surrounding a dramatic 30-foot black granite 'mountain'scupted by Robert Kelly and inspired by MLK's 'I've Been to the Mountaintop' speech, made the day before he was assassinated in 1968.

1994 - "Urban Peace Circle," Sam Smith Park, Seatle, Washington (USA). Dedicated to children killed by gun violence in Seattle’s inner city. "Culmination of a gun buy-back program instituted by Stop The Violence, an organization founded in 1992 in response to the tragic deaths of six youths from the Puget Sound area. Meant to contrast the chaos and violence of the present with hope for a peaceful future. To underscore the gravity of this message, several of the reclaimed guns were entombed in the concrete base of the sculpture. Created by Seattle artist Gerard Tsutakawa. Over 10 feet tall & 5 feet wide. Jagged sides characterizing chaos and hostility give way to a smooth circular aperture meant to provide viewers with a symbolic view beyond the violence to friendship and understanding."

F I N S

May 30, 1998 - "The Fin Project: From Swords Into Plowshares," Magnuson Park, Sand Point, Seattle, Washington (USA). 22 submarine fins. Two monuments in different cities (Seattle & Miami, Florida) made from the surplus fins of nuclear attack submarines by sculptor John T. Young. Entry #1053 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

F I N S

September 2002 - "The Fin Project: From Swords Into Plowshares," Pelican Harbor, North Bay Village, Miami, Florida (USA). Made from 24 surplus fins of nuclear attack submarines by scupltor John T. Young. Similar monument in Seattle, Washington.

October 15, 1998 - Volontarios Internacionales de la Liberdad (Memorial to Abraham Lincoln Brigage), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (USA). Dedicated to the veterans of the Abraham Lincoln Brigade (1936-1939). It reads: "11 students from the University of Washington joined that historic struggle." Other ALB memorials in Madison, WI, & San Francisco, CA (qv).

Date? - Cambodian Cultural Museum & Killing Fields Memorial, 9809-16th Avenue SW, White Center, Seattle, Washington (USA). Founded by Dara Duong, a survivor of the 1975-79 killing fields. Connected to the Wing Luke Asian Museum (WLAM)? One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).

October 23, 2003 - Middle East Peace Sculpture, Peace Park, Seattle Center, Seattle, Washington (USA). "A graceful twist of Italian marble about 30 x 8 inches standing atop a natural column of black basalt, approximately 62 x 14 inches. Depicts two rectangular leaves, very much alike yet different in texture. They are intertwining and reaching toward the sky--interdependent. Peace is engraved in Arabic, English & Hebrew along with the names of Arabic & Jewish participating children." Sculpted by Iraqi Sabah Al-Dhaher. "Intiated, designed & directed by Palestinian-American Amineh Ayyad... The children of the Arab Center of Washington, the Middle East Peace Camp, Kadima, & the Iraqi Community Center worked together to create this sculpture." Dedicated on Children's Peace Day.

Blaine, WA/Douglas, BC

September 6, 1921 - International Peace Arch, Peace Arch Park, US/Canadian Border, Blaine, Washington (USA), & Douglas, British Columbia (Canada). Commemorates the centennial of the Treaty of Ghent which ended the War of 1812 between the US & Great Britain. Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entry #1211 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - Peace Arch, Peace Arch Park, US/Canadian border. What is this? Added to the park after 2000?

August 27, 2007 - "In Unity We Soar," Blaine High School, Blaine, Washington (USA). Moved permanently to the high school after temporary exposition at the Peace Arch.

Point Roberts, WA

1985 - "SunSweep," Three monuments spanning 2,778 miles of the international border. Click here for website of sculptor David Barr. Entry #1049 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1985 - Lighthouse Marine Park, Point Roberts, Washington (USA). In US but accessible by road only from Canada. Entry #1049 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1985 - American Point Island, Lake-of-the-Woods, Minnesota (USA). In lake between the two nations and acessible only by water. Entry #512 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1985 - Roosevelt Campobello International Park, Weshpool, New Brunswick (Canada). In Canada but accesible only by road from the US. Entry #1265 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Vancouver, BC

September 16, 1925 - Harding International Good Will Memorial, Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). US President Warren G. Harding [1865-1923] died not long after visiting Vancouver. Click here for YouTube vidio. Entry #1241 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1969 - Bust of Mahatma Gandhi, between Shrum buildings, Simon Frazier University, Burnaby, British Columbia (Canada). Entry #1227 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1986 - Pacific Bell, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). Designed by Masahiko Katori [1899-1988]. Dedicated by Yasuhiro Nakasone, Prime Minister of Japan.

1987 - Seaforth Peace Park & Fountain, Burrard Street Bridge (south end), Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). Click here for air view. Entry #1247 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - West Han Dynesty Bell, Shangahi Alley, Chinatown, Vancouver, British Columbia (Canada). Replica of a bell unearthed in Guangzhou in 1983. Gift from the City of Guangzhou to the City of Vancouver for the 15th anniversary of the twinning of the two cities.

Fairbanks Airport, AK - 1,409 air miles from Vancouver, BC

North Pole, AK

- Santa Claus House, North Pole, Alaska (USA). A small city in Fairbanks North Star Borough & part of the Fairbanks metropolitan statistical area. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 1,778. Despite the name, the city is about 1,700 miles south of Earth's geographic North Pole.

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