Please email your comments & questions to geovisual @ comcast.net. Thank you.

N.B.: This is Part 1 (Before 1990). Click here for Part 2 (1990-2012).

This book will be launched September 2-3, 2013, during the symposium "Celebrating and Encouraging Peace Philanthropy - in the Footsteps of Andrew Carnegie" marking the centenary of the Peace Palace (Vredespaleis) in The Hague, Netherlands. This book will also be displayed during "Peace Philanthropy - Then and Now," an exhibition to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the Peace Palace, the gift of Andrew Carnegie, in the large atrium of the city hall in The Hague.

Monumental Beauty:
Peace Monuments & Museums Around the World

By Edward W. Lollis

c370 BCE
1913
1952
1984
2004
2005
2007
2013?

Throughout history, monuments have been an important part of the artistic and cultural landscape in virtually all societies the world over.

Every monument contains a message from a previous age -- a message which the monument's creators invested time, money, and effort to preserve in physical form for the attention and edification of future generations. Yet individual monuments are too often under appreciated. And the common theme of scattered monuments is rarely if ever recognized.

Peace monuments, as a group, are overwhelmed by the vastly superior number of war monuments. They also suffer from their heterogeneity since "peace" means different things to different people and since its meaning changes from time to time.

This is the first book about peace monuments worldwide. It brings together images of 386 peace monuments from all continents (including Antarctica!) and all eras back to the Greeks and Romans. Arranged strictly in chronological order, these pages reveal the beauty, the variety, and the meanings of peace monuments more completely than ever before.

Even a casual perusal of the following pages reveals that "peace" is a universal theme revered at all times and in all parts of the world. Peace monuments are sometimes constructed to celebrate the end of war and the expectation of prosperity, sometimes constructed to express human aspirations such as tolerance and reconciliation, and sometimes constructed to crown such achievements as the abolition of slavery, women's suffrage, defeat of tyrannical and murderous regimes, declaration of human rights, respect for conscientious objectors, end of apartheid, non-use of nuclear weapons, racial integration, recognition of international interdependence, reconciliation of divided nations, and struggle for gender equality.

In an ever changing world, monuments are one of the few things about which the expression "set in stone" is often literally true. Thus their fascination. Every monument is a time-capsule from the past. Sometimes a monument's message is obvious. Frequently, however, a monument's symbols and iconography are a little dated and require some thought before the intention of long-dead monument makers can be discerned.

A few monuments are "unintentional." This happens when a physical structure which was not originally constructed to be a monument becomes "monumental" virtually over-night due to some unforeseen event. Unintentional monuments are now too large, too important, or too beautiful to be destroyed (at least in the opinion of some), e.g. the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles, Andrew Carnegie's birthplace in Scotland, and the "Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall" (now called the Atomic Bomb Dome).

But most monuments are "intentional" and were designed by their creators to be eye-catching and beautiful. That is why the following pages are a feast for the eyes. Peruse the following pages quickly or slowly. Either way, we believe that you will marvel at the beauty, creative genius, and meaning of the legacy which the constructors of peace monuments have bestowed on us, their heirs.

All monuments have stories to tell -- even monuments whose causes are no longer in the forefront of our thinking. But do not assume that all monuments are out-dated. More peace monuments are being constructed today than ever before. In fact we live in a golden age of peace monument construction. This creates yet another reason to study the past -- so we can know better how to build our own peace monuments.

Peace monuments teach us about the sacrifices and aspirations of our forebears -- and remind us of the on-going tasks which are necessary for us to achieve and preserve peace and justice in our own day and age. What achievements do we want to memorialize? What physical signals do we want to send to future generations? Perhaps these pages will stir your imagination to answer these eternal questions.

Edward W. Lollis is a retired US Foreign Service Officer (FSO). He has worked or studied in Australia, Canada, Dominican Republic, England, France, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Rwanda and the USA. He wrote about peace monuments for the Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace and maintains an on-line database of "Peace Monuments Around the World."

Right click any image to enlarge.

Chapter 1

Before 1900: Alegories & Angels

c2500 BCE Brit Museum, London
Peace Panel on Standard of Ur

c370 BCE Munich, Germany
Irene (Greek Goddess of Peace)

23 BCE Rome, Italy
Ars Pacis Augustus/Temple of Peace

AD 75 Temple of Peace
Forum of Vespasian, Rome (Italy)

c500 San Callisto Catacomb, Rome
Irene with Peace Dove (on grave plate)

1339 Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, Italy
Sala della Pace/Peace Hall

1593 Friendship Bridge
Hòa An (Vietnam)

1622 Rotterdam, Netherlands
Statue of Erasmus

1630 National Gallery, London
"Blessings of Peace" by Peter Paul Rubens

1648 Rathaus, Münster, Germany
Friedenssall/Peace Hall

>1648 National Gallery, London
"Peace of Westphalia" by Gerard Terborch

1654 "Peace & Justice Embracing"
Toledo, Ohio. By Laurent de La Hyre

1682-1810 Delaware R., Pennsylvania
Treaty Elm (William Penn & Indians)

1780 Musée du Louvre, Paris
"Peace Bringing Back Abundance"

1793 Brandenburger Tor, Berlin
Goddess of Peace

1806 US Naval Academy, Annapolis
Tripoli Peace Monument (from Italy)

c1833 Various museums, USA
"Peaceable Kingdom" by Edward Hicks

1835 Queen's Gardens, Hull, England
William Wilburforce Monument

1840 Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
"Slave Trade" by Auguste Francois Biard

1840 Westminster Abbey, London
Statue of William Wilburforce

1848 Friedenskirche/Church of Peace
Sanssouci Park, Potsdam (Germany).

1850 Paulsplatz, Frankfurt, Germany
Paulskirche (3rd Intl Peace Congress)

1851 Tijuana/San Diego
Friendship Monument (now part of fence)

1862 Parc Richelieu, Calais, France
Allégorie de la Paix by Yves de Coëtlogon

1865 Millbank, Westminster, London
Buxton Fountain (for end of slavery)

1866 Verviers, Belgium
Statue de la Paix (with olive branch)

1868 Camden High Street, London
Statue of Richard Cobden

1870 Smithfield, London
Peace Memorial Fountain

1871 Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
"Apotheosis of War" by Vasily Vasilyevich

1872 Fenny Drayton, England
George Fox Memorial (Quakers)

1876 Washington, DC, USA
Emancipation Memorial (Lincoln & slave)

1876 City Hall, Geneva, Switzerland
Charrue de la Paix (from US Centennial)

1877 Old Post Office, St. Louis, MO
"Peace & Vigilence" Daniel Chester French

1878 Washington, DC, USA
Naval Peace Monument (for Civil War)

1879/85 Kensel Green Cem, London
Robert Owen & Reformers Memorials

1893 Tregaron, Cardiganshire, Wales
Statue of "Apostle of Peace" Henry Richard

1895 Calais, France
Bourgeois de Calais by Auguste Rodin

1897 Grant's Tomb, NY City, USA
Handshake of Generals Lee & Grant

1898 Arbol de la Paz/Tree of Peace
Santiago de Cuba (Cuba)

1899 Munich, Germany
Friedensengel/Angel of Peace

Chapter 2

1900-1913 - Turn of the 20th Century

1902-WWI Lucerne, Switzerland
Intl Museum of War & Peace (Jan Bloch)

1903 New York City, USA
"Goddess of Victory" w/palm branch

1904 Chile/Argentina
Cristo Redentor de los Andes (Edw VII)

c1905 Gloucester Rd, Bristol, England
Horfield Quaker Meeting House

1906 Hull, England
Wilberforce House Museum (Slavery)

1906 State Capitol, Columbus, Ohio
"Peace" at William McKinley Memorial

1907 Arlington St Church, Boston
"Blessed Are the Peacemakers"

1907 Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA
"Peace" in National Military Park

1908 Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Andrew Carnegie Birthplace Museum

1909 Bern, Switzerland
Weltpostdenkmal (Universal Postal Union)

1910 OAS, Washington, DC, USA
Peace Tree (by Andrew Carnegie et al)

1910 Friary Park, London, England
"Bringer of Peace" (King Edward VII)

1910 Lookout Mountain, TN, USA
N/S handshake atop NY Peace Monument

1911 Yalu River
Sino-Korean Friendship Bridge

1912 Brighton-Hove, England
Peace Statue (for King Edward VII)

1912 Wellington Arch, London
Angel of Peace on Chariot of War

1912 Prace, Czech Republic
Pamatnik Mohyla Miru/Cairn of Peace

1913 Victoria Gardens, London
Bourgeois de Calais by Auguste Rodin

1913 Bloemfontein, South Africa
National Women’s Monument

1913 Decatur, Adams County, IN
Peace Monument (furled flags, etc)

1913 The Hague, Netherlands
Peace Palace (built by Andrew Carnegie)

1913 The Hague, Netherlands
Peace Palace Gardens

1913 The Hague, Netherlands
Peace Palace Fountain

1929 Amsterdam Park, Toronto, ON
Peace Palace Fountain (replica)

Chapter 3

1914-1930 - War & Peace

.

1914 Norway/Sweden
Fredsmonument at Morokulien

1914 Arlington National Cemetery
Confederate Monument (w/peace symbols)

1919 Palais de Versailles, France
Hall of Mirrors (WW-I Peace Treaty)

1919 George Town, Cayman Islands
Peace Memorial Hall (for WW-I)

1920 London, England
Edith Cavell Memorial in Trafalger Square

1920 Wellington, New Zealand
Peace Arch (for WW-I)

1921 Brit Columbia/Washington
International Peace Arch

1921 Bushwick, Brooklyn, NY, USA
"Victory with Peace" (Nike w/olive branch)

1924 The Bund, Shangahi, China
"Goddess of Peace" (for WW-I)

1924 Walenstadtberg, Switzerland
Pax Mal/Peace Monument by Karl Bickel

1925 Mount Rubidoux, CA, USA
Frank A. Miller Testimonial Peace Tower

1925 Stanley Park, Vancouver, BC
Harding International Good Will Memorial

1925 Kansas City, Missouri, USA
Liberty Memorial (for WW-I)

1925 Zanzibar, Tanzania
Peace Memorial Museum (for WW-I)

1925 Berlin, Germany
Anti-Kriegsmuseum/Anti-War Museum

1925 Bladensburg, Maryland, USA
Peace Cross (for WW-I)

1927 Nashville, Tennessee, USA
Peace Monument (for Civil War & WW-I)

1927 Arlington National Cemetery
Canadian Cross of Sacrifice (for WW-I)

1927 Henly's Crnr, Finchley, London
"La Délivrance" by Emile Guillaume

1927 Ontario/New York
Peace Bridge (on Niagara River)

1927 Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Peace Tower/Tour de la Paix

1930 Exposition Park, Toronto, ON
Shrine Peace Mem (US-Canada friendship)

1930 Windsor/Detroit, ON/MI
"Two peoples with like ideas & ideals"

1930 Diksmuide/Dixmude, Belgium
IJzertoren Museum of War, Peace &...

Chapter 4

1931-1939 - Parks & Bombs

1931 Put-in_Bay, Ohio, USA
Perry's Victory & International Peace Mem

1931 Boulogne-sur-Mer (France)
Place L. Zamenhof/L. Zamenhof Square

1932 Alberta/Montana
Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park

1932 Manitoba/North Dakota
International Peace Garden

1933 Miami, Florida, USA
Pan American World Airways Globe

1936 Michigan City, Indiana, USA
International Friendship Gardens

1936 La Plata, Argentina
Jardin de la Paz/Intl Peace Garden

1936 Berlin, Nazi Germany
Olympic Stadium & Cauldron

1936 London, England
Anti-War Monument by Sylvia Pankhurst

1937 Madrid, Spain
"Guernica" by Pablo Picasso

1937 Nat. Assembly, Paris (France)
Pax. Dedicted to Aristide Briand

1937 Trout River, Québec/NY
Kiwanis Peace Plaque (1 of many)

1938 Tg-Jiu, Gorj, Romania
Peace Table by Constantin Brancusi

1938 Rollins College, Florida, USA
Anti-War Monument by Hamilton Holt

1938 Glasgow, Scotland
Peace Cairn (Empire Exposition)

1938 Mount of Beatitudes, Israel
"Blessed Are the Peacemakers"

1938 Gettysburg Battlefield, PA, USA
Peace Light Memorial (Civil War)

1938 Cardiff, Wales
Welsh National Temple of Peace & Health

1938 Geneva, Switzerland
Palais des Nations (League of Nations)

1938-1942 Pointe de Grave, France
"Gloire des Américains" (Nazis destroy)

1939 Lake George, NY, USA
NY State Peace Memorial to Isaac Jogues

1939 Cleveland Cultural Gdns, Ohio
American Legion Peace Gardens

1939 San Francisco, California
Peacemakers Mural, Calif. World's Fair

1939 New Delhi (India)
Birla Mandir/Birla Temple (w/Gandhi)

Chapter 5

1940-1959 - War & Hiroshima

1940 Belle Isle, Detroit River, MI
Peace Carillon (Nancy Brown)

1940 Miyazaki, Imperial Japan
Peace Monument (for Coprosperity Sphere)

1943 Madison, Florida, USA
Four Fredoms Memorial (per Pres FDR)

1945 Granada, Colorado, USA
Amache Japanese Internment Camp

1945 5 Caledonian Road, London
Housmans Bookshop (Peace House)

1945 Hiroshima, Japan
Genbaku/Atomic Bomb Dome

1945 Summit of Ben Nevis, Scotland
Peace Cairn

1946 Geneva, Switzerland
International Committee of the Red Cross

1947 Intl Peace Gardens, Salt Lake City
Utah (USA). "Peace on Earth" statue

1947 Gellert Hill, Budapest, Hungary
Statue of Peace (with palm leaf)

1948 Warsaw (Poland)
Warsaw Ghetto Memorial

1948 Hiroshima, Japan
E=MC² Monument to Victims at Girls HS

1949 Hiroshima, Japan
Bell of Peace (at Tamon-in Temple)

1950 Oslo Harbor, Norway
Statue of Franklin Delano Roosevelt

1950 Pacific Palisades, California
Gandhi World Peace Memorial

1951 Stephansdom, Vienna, Austria
"Pummerin" (cast from Turkish guns)

1952 New York City, NY, USA
United Nations Headquarters

1952 Hiroshima, Japan
Cenotaph for A-Bomb Victims

1952 Ankara, Turkey
Peace Park (Atatürk Tomb)

1954 Zalongo, Greece
"Women of Kassope"

1954 United Nations, NY City, USA
Japanese Peace Bell

1954 Tidal Basin, Washington, DC
Japanese Stone Lantern

1955 Hiroshima, Japan
Peace Memorial Museum

1955 Cobourg, Ontario, Canada
Cairn of Peace & Golden Plough

1955 Nagasaki, Japan
Prayer Monument for Peace

1955 Great Square, Karlstad (Sweden)
Goddess of Peace

1956 Narvik, Norway
"Life Out of Chaos" (peace fountain)

1957 Ufa, Bashkortostan (Russia)
Friendship Monument

1958 Warm Springs, Georgia (USA)
Polio Wall of Fame

1958 Paris, France
Jardin de la Paix at UNESCO Hq

1959 United Nations, NY City, USA
"...Swords Into Plowshares" (from USSR)

1959 Pole of Inaccessibility, Antarctica
Bust of Vladimir Lenin (from USSR)

Chapter 6

1960-1979: United Nations & Genocide

Year? La Paz, Baja California Sur
Dove of Peace ("La Cola de la Ballena")

1960 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Grave of Sylvia Pankhurst (from UK)

1963 Bello Monte,Caracas, Venezuela
Monumento a la Paz/Peace Monument

>1963 Thessaloniki, Greece
Memorial to Grigoris Lambrakis

1964 Bayfront Park, Miami, FL, USA
John F. Kennedy Torch of Friendship

1964 United Nations, NY City
"Peace & Human Happiness" Marc Chagall

1964 Cleveland, Ohio, USA
"Peace Arising..." by Marshall Fredericks

1964 Hiroshima, Japan
Hiroshima Peace Bell by Masahiko Katori

1965 Eisenhüttenstadt, East Germany
"Produktion im Frieden/...in Peace"

1965 Dachau, Bavaria, Germany
Gedenkstätte Dachau/Dachau Mem Site

1967 Windsor, Ontario, Canada
Knights of Columbus Peace Monument

1967 Friedland, Göttingen, Germany
All Nations Peace & Reconciliation Mem

1968 Tavistock Square, London
Statue of Mahatma Gandhi

1968 Yerevan, Armenia
Armenian Genocide Memorial

1968 Lorraine Motel, Memphis, TN
Martin Luther King, Jr., Assassination

1969 Cuidad Acuna/Del Rio
Amistad Dam on Rio Grande

1969 Music Center, Los Angeles, CA
"Peace on Earth" Fountain

1970 Christchurch Gardens, London
Suffragette Memorial

1971 Azadi Square, Tehran, Iran
Azadi Tower/Freedom Tower

1971 Acapulco, Mexico
Cruz y Capela de la Paz

1971 Rothko Chapel, Houston, TX
"Broken Obelisk" by Barnett Newman

1972 Medellín, Columbia
Hombre en Busca de Paz/Search for Peace

1972 Okinawa, Japan
Heiwa no Ishiji/Peace Memorial Park

1975 Bagac, Philippines
Friendship Tower (Rissho Kosei-kai)

1975 New York City, NY, USA
"Isaiah Wall" in Ralph Bunch Park

1975 OAS, Washington, DC, USA
"Raices de la Paz" by Carlos Paez Vilaro

1976 Ch des Cordeliers, Sarrebourg
Vitrail de la Paix by Marc Chagall

1976 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
African-American Museum

1977 Hyde Park, London, England
Reformers Tree Memorial

1977 Nagasaki, Japan
Nagasaki Peace Bell

1977 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Desaparecidos in Plaza de Mayo

1979 Vienna, Austria
Vienna International Center (VIC)

Chapter 7

1980-1989 - Gardens & Murals

1980 New York City, USA
"Peace Form One" in Ralph Bunche Park

1980 Cuidad Colon, Costa Rica
University for Peace (UPAZ)

1981 Ndola, Zambia
Dag Hammarskjöld Memorial & Museum

1981 Wapakoneta, Ohio, USA
"Temple of Tolerance" by Jim Bowsher

1982 Mandela Gdns, Leeds, England
"Both Hands" (of Nelson Mandela)

1982 Argyll & Bute, Scotland
Faslane Peace Camp

1983 Yokohama, Japan
Peace Boat

1983 Cuidad de Trujillo, Venezuela
Virgen de la Paz/Virgin of the Peace

1984 Livermore, California, USA
Livermore Peace Monument

1984 Central Park, NY City, USA
John Lennon Peace Memorial

1984 Kiev, Ukraine
Friendship Arch ("The Yoke")

1984 Bluffton University, Ohio, USA
"Constelation Earth" by P.T. Granlund

1985 Atlanta, Georgia, USA
"Three Minutes to Midnight" by D. Fichter

1985 ABC Highway, Barbados
Emancipation Statue

1985 Cath of St.John the Divine,NYC
Peace Fountain (Good v. Evil)

1985 Battersea Park, London
London Peace Pagoda

1986 Samarkand, Uzbekistan
International Museum of Peace & Solidarity

1986 Peace Farm, Pantex Plant, Texas
"Madre del Mundo" by Marsha Gomez

1986 Manchester Peace Gardens
"Messenger of Peace" by Barbara Pearson

1987 UN University, Costa Rica
"Disarmament, Work & Peace" by T. Marín

1987 Verigin, Saskatchewan
Leo Tolstoy at Doukhobor Musuem

1987 North Philadelphia, PA, USA
Statue of Franz Jägerstätter

1988 Manchester, England
"Manchester Peace Group" by Philip Jackson

1988 Sydney, NSW, Australia
Peace Monument (UN Intl Year of Peace)

1988 Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Statue of Mahatma Gandhi

1988 Manchester Univ, IN, USA
Gladys Muir Peace Garden

1988 Albertinaplatz, Vienna, Austria
Monument Against War & Fascism

1988 Nordkapp/North Cape, Norway
"Children of the World"

1988 United Nations, NY City, USA
"Non-Violence" (aka Knotted Gun)

1988 Geneva, Switzerland
Red Cross & Red Crescent Museum

1988 AFSC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
"Freedom Quilt" by David Fichter

1988 Costa Rica/Panama
La Amistad International Peace Park

1988 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Seattle Peace Park (from sister city)

1988 Seoul, South Korea
World Peace Gate. Olympic Park

1989 Friedrichstain, Berlin, Germany
World Peace Bell in Volkspark

1989 Klafthmonos Square, Athens
Statue of National Reconciliation

1989 Poverty Law Ctr, Montgomery
Civil Rights Memorial by Maya Lin

1989 Kendal, Cumbria, England
Quaker Tapestry

1989 Gatineau, Québec, Canada
Canadian Museum of Civilization

Date? New Delhi, India
Gyarah Murti/Eleven Figures (Gandhi)

Click here to continue - Part 2 (1990-2012).

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Please email your comments & questions to geovisual @ comcast.net. Thank you.