A "peace museum" promotes "peace" as the "absense of war." Usually (but not always), the word "peace" (or "anti-war") is in the name of the musuem. A peace museum displays the horrors of war and the blessings of peace. Some peace museums do more. Most peace museums are in Europe or Japan. Only a few are in the United States, and there is no "peace museum" in Canada. Click here to see peace museums worldwide.
The term "museum for peace" (sometimes called a "peace-related museum" or "issue-based peace museum") includes peace museums but is more broadly defined. Often the word "peace" is not in the name of the museum. A museum for peace promotes any kind of peace or human rights. Typically, a museum for peace focuses on a particular "issue" or barrier to peace -- not only war but other forms of violence, crime, conflict, discrimintion, intolerance, poverty, segregation, ignorance, slavery, terrorism, environmental abuse, etc. -- and ways to overcome the barrier. Some museums for peace celebrate specific peace events or peacemakers, e.g. Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., or other Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
This webpage shows a wide variety of museums for peace (including peace museums and "centers for peace") in the United States and Canada. The categories are subjective and sometimes overlapping. Some of the institutions shown below are probably not even familiar with the term "museum for peace," even though each institution works for peace in its own way.
Click here for a table comparing "peace museums" with "museums for peace" and giving many examples of each.
Peace Museums (3 museums):
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| 1987 -
Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). Several other peace monuments are on the grounds of the center. Right image shows Moon Gate and Peace Wall. Entry #790 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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Former Peace Museums (5 museums):
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| 1798 - Peace-Office for the United States proposed by Dr. Benjamin Rush, Philadelphia, Pennsylania (USA). Benjamin Rush [1745-1813] was a Philadelphia phsysician and signer of the Declaration of Independence.
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| 1981 - The Peace Museum, Chicago, Illinois (USA). Founded by Mark Rogovin & Marjorie Craig Benton. "First & only of its kind in the US, exploring the impact of war & peace through the arts." "Will be sharing space with other cultural organizations in the future. Our first exhibition in shared space opens November 8, 2008, at the Chicago Public Library..." Lost its original space?
Entry #276 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 1986 - Swords Into Plowshares Peace Center & Gallery, Central United Methodist Church, 33 East Adams Avenue (corner of Woodward Avenue), Detroit, Michigan (USA). "5,000 sq. ft. art gallery, gift shop, children's corner & reference library." Still in operation? Image shows part an exhibition at the center about Paul Robeson. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 1994 - Prairie Peace Park, Seward, Nebraska (USA) -- 7 miles west of Lincoln on Interstate Highway 80 (exit 388). Peace museum primarily for children, created and owned by Don Tilley. Closed in 2005, but some of its outdoor displays remain. Included 16 sculptures of Sadako Sasaki. Entry #582 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 2001 - Bruderhof Peace Barn, Spring Valley Bruderhof, Farmington, Pennsylvania (USA). "Two days after 9/11/2001, the 5th through 8th grade students of the Spring Valley Bruderhof School wanted to do something for peace. They decided to convert an old barn into a museum for peace and a memorial for the victims of terrorism and war. In addition they have handcrafted memorial benches for each passenger and crew member of Flight 93, which are at the crash site in Shanksville, Pennsylvania."
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Peace Museum Projects (3 projects):
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| February 23, 2003 - Children's Peace Center, Acworth, Georgia (USA). Operates from the home of Andria D. Melham who take mobile exhibits to local schools pending the establishment of a permanent museum.One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Associated with Community of Christ Church (Independence, Missouri).
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| Future - International Peace Museum, Weston Hospital (former Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum), Weston, West Virginia (USA). Proposed by Myra Bonhage-Hale, La Paix Herb Farm, 3052 Crooked Run Road, Alum Bridge, West Virginia (USA).
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Virtual "Peace Museums" in Cyberspace (6 websites):
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| 1998 - Canadaian Centres for Teaching Peace, Okotoks, Alberta (Canada). Peace.ca "is a huge resource for peace educators. We have over 70,000 visitors per month. It is still the most popular peace web site in the world." Peace-Education.ca is the new website for CCTP. The only Canadian institution in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 2001-2002 School Year - "The Whole World Wants Peace." Westwood Elementary School, near Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island (Canada). Third grade students of class 3D make a classroom monument using virtually every symbol of peace: Dove, crane, CND peace symbol, Banner of Peace, V-sign, torch, biracial handshake. They also search the World Wide Web and post other peace monuments. Click here to see the results.
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| August 6, 2005 - Atomic Bomb Museum.org. Operates in cyberspace only. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| Date? - Cyber School Bus, United Nations, New York, New York (USA). Includes The Gallery and Pictures of Peace, "a collection of artwork contributed by students to the printed version of our Peace Poem." Mentioned in Tom Flores (2008).
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| Date? - International Peace Museum, Indian Hill Primary School, 6207 Drake Road, Cincinnati, Ohio (USA). "A virtual web museum [operated by Marian Herman] that schools from all over the world have contributed to." Peace art from K-3 children. "Has exhibits from 14 schools in the US as well as two from Canada, one from Bermuda, one from Germany, and one from Brazil." Mentioned in Tom Flores (2008).
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| Date? - Interactive Peace Museum, La Paix Herb Farm, 3052 Crooked Run Road, Alum Bridge, West Virginia (USA). A project of Myra Bonhage-Hale. Mentioned in Tom Flores (2008).
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Nobel Prize Winners (20 monuments):
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* 1906 - Theodore Roosevelt [1858-1919].
| Date? - Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 12 Sagamore Hill Road, Oyster Bay, Long Island, New York (USA). Home of Roosevelt from 1885 until his death in 1919.
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* 1919 - Woodrow Wilson [1856-1924]
| 1961 - Woodrow Wilson House Museum, National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2340 S Street, NW, Kalorama, Washington, DC (USA). Home of Wilson from 1921 until his death in 1924. Museum focuses on his Washington years 1912-1924. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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* 1925 - Sir Austen Chamberlain [1863-1937], Charles G. Dawes [1865-1951]
| Date? - House Museum & Memorial to Charles G. Dawes, Evanston Historical Society, 225 Greenwood Street, Evanston, Illinois (USA). Dawes lived here from 1909 until his death in 1951.
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* 1931 - Jane Addams [1860-1935], Nicholas Murray Butler [1862-1947]
| 1935 - Jane Addams Grave, Cedarville, Illinois (USA).
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| Date? - Jane Addams Hull-House Museum, University of Illinois at Chicago, 800 South Halsted, Chicago, Illinois (USA).
|  | 1996 -
Jane Addams Memorial Park, 600 North Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois (USA). Honors Jane Addams [1860-1935], founder of the
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF) and first US woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize
(1931). Park includes black granite statue "Helping Hands" by Louis Bourgeois. Entry #272 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by
James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| 1946 - Nicholas Murray Butler Library, Columbia Uniersity, 535 West 114th Street, New York, New York (USA). Completed in 1934 and renamed for Butler in 1946. Bulter was president of Columbia University 1902-1945.
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* 1938 Prize for Literature - Pearl S. Buck [1892-1973]
| Date? - Pearl S. Buck House, Pearl S. Buck International, 520 Dublin Road, Perkasie, Pennsylvania (USA). Pearl S. Buck [1892-1973] received the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. "Home to Pearl S. Buck and her international family for 38 years. Today, it is only one of ten National Historic Landmarks open to the public in the US that educates the public about a woman’s contribution to society through a house with an intact collection." Visited by EWL.
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| Date? - Pearl S. Buck Birthplace & Museum, Hillsboro, Pocahontas County, West Virginia (USA). Pearl S. Buck [1892-1973] received the Pulitzer Prize in 1932 and the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1938. Visited by EWL.
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* 1945 - Cordell Hull [1871-1955]
* 1950 - Ralph Bunche [1903-1971]
| 1975 - Isaiah Wall, Ralph Bunche Park, East 43rd Street & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Quotes Isaiah 2:4: "They shall beat their swords into plowshares." Shadow in image is cast by adjacent "Peace Form One." Entry #718 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| 1976 - Ralph Bunche Peace & Heritage Center, South Los Angeles, California (USA). Boyhood home of Ralph Bunche. Declared a Historic-Cultural Monument (HCM #159) in 1976 by the Los Angeles Cutural Heritage Commission and listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
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| 1980 - "Peace Form One", Ralph Bunche Park, East 43rd Street & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Stainless-steel obelisk 50 feet (15 meters) high, honoring Ralph Bunche [1903-1971]. Adjacent to the Isaiah Wall. The sculptor, Daniel Larue Johnson, was a personal friend of Bunche, and dedicated the sculpture to Bunche, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.Entry #731 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). |
* 1953 - George C. Marshall [1880-1959].
* 1964 - Martin Luther King, Jr. [1929-1968]. Click here for other MLK monuments.
| 1968 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Includes King's tomb (in lake in photo), an eternal flame, Rosa Parks room, and Mahatma Gandhi room. Click here for additional information. (King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968.) Entry #242 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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 | October 10, 1980 - Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site & Sweet Auburn Preservation District, National Park Service (NPS), Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Includes King's birth home and Ebenezer Baptist Church. Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entries #237, 239 & 241 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| September 28, 1991 - National Civil Rights Museum (NCRM), Memphis, Tennessee (USA). Includes facade of Lorraine Motel where Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Lobby contains World Peace Flame (qv). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entry #932 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 321-322 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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* 1970 - Norman Borlaug.
| Future - Norman Borlaug Historic Preservation Project, Cresco, Iowa (USA). "Preservation has been completed on the lower level of the childhood house including window and woodwork restoration, new wiring, plumbing, septic system, basement bath, furnace, water heater, security system, and more. Many original Borlaug artifacts have been placed in the home. Restoration of the Borlaug school house, located on the Borlaug farm, continues with new roof, interior cloak room, handicap accessible ramp, and new wiring."
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* 2002 - Jimmy Carter.
 | 1982 - The Carter Presidential Center, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). "Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope." "The Carter Center is located in a 35-acre park approximately two miles east of downtown Atlanta. The Jimmy Carter Library and Museum, which is adjacent to the Center, is owned and operated by the National Archives and Records Administration of the federal government. The Center and Library are known collectively as The Carter Presidential Center." Entry #238 in the " Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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 | 1988 - Jimmy Carter National Historic Site & Jimmy Carter National Preservation District, National Park Service (NPS), Plains, Georgia (USA). The site includes President Carter’s residence, boyhood farm, school, and the railroad depot which served as his campaign headquarters during the 1976 election. The Plains High School serves as the site’s museum and visitor center. Visited by EWL.
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Guns & Non-Violence (5 institutions):
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| Date? - Walden Pond State Reservation, Department of Conservation & Recreation (DCR), Concord & Lincoln, Massachusetts (USA). Henry David Thoreau [1817-1862] lived at Walden Pond from July 1845 to September 1847. "An American naturalist, transcendentalist, tax resister, development critic, sage writer and philosopher, Thoreau is best known for Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state." Because of Thoreau's legacy, Walden Pond has been designated a National Historic Landmark and is considered the birthplace of the conservation movement.
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| 1968 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Center for Nonviolent Social Change, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Includes King's tomb (in lake in photo), an eternal flame, Rosa Parks room, and Mahatma Gandhi room. Click here for additional information. (Martin Luther King, Jr. received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968.) Entry #242 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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| 1983 - Albert Einstein Institution, 30 Church Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA). "Advances the study and use of strategic nonviolent action in conflicts throughout the world. Committed to the defense of freedom, democracy, and the reduction of political violence through the use of nonviolent action. Goals are to understand the dynamics of nonviolent action in conflicts, to explore its policy potential, and to communicate this through print and other media, translations, conferences, consultations, and workshops." Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entry #425 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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 | 1995 - National Liberty Museum, 321 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA). "Dedicated to helping educators meet academic standards, while providing curriculum for the most critical areas of cross content education, including anti-bullying and non-violence, respect for diversity, pride in oneself, civic responsibility, independent thinking and more." "Glass art is a key component of the Museum because it represents both the beauty and fragility of freedom. The Museum houses one of the largest and most important collections of contemporary glass sculptures in the world. The centerpiece of the Museum is a 21-foot 'Flame of Liberty' by the world’s most renowned glass artist, Dale Chihuly."
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 | September 21, 2007 - Columbine Memorial, Littleton, Colorado (USA). Near Columbine High School, site of the Columbine High School massacre on April 20, 1999, which killed 12 students and a teacher, as well as wounding 23 others. Visited by EWL.
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World Peace (7 institutions):
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 | 1950 - United Nations Headquarters Building, East River, New York City, New York (USA). Cornerstone laid October 24, 1949. Replaced UN's termporary home (1946-1951) in the Sperry Gyroscope building in Lake Success, Long Island, New York (USA). Building & grounds contain many peace monuments. Click here to see a description of UN headuarters as a museum from the Frommer's guide book. Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - Organization of American States (OAS), Washington, DC (USA). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - World Bank, Washington, DC (USA). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington, DC (USA). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC (USA). "A private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing cooperation between nations and promoting active international engagement by the US." Entry #1083 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| 1991 - World Peace Sanctuary, World Peace Prayer Society, 26 Benton Road, Wassaic, New York (USA).
Entry #626 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| Fall 2010? - Headquarters and Public Education Center (PEC), US Institute of Peace (USIP), 23rd Street & Constitution Avenue, NW, Washington, DC (USA). Official ground breaking took place June 5, 2008, twenty-four years after the creation of USIP. The facility will consist of a training center for professional conflict managers, conference space for public and private meetings, office space for USIP staff, and a 20,000 square foot PEC. Entry #1169 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Discussed by Tom Flores (2008). Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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Human Rights (4 institutions):
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| 1971 - Rothko Chapel, University of St. Thomas, 1409 Sul Ross, Houston, Texas (USA). "Functions as chapel, a museum and a forum. It is a place where religion, art and architecture intermingle." "Action takes the form of supporting human rights, and thus the Chapel has become a rallying place for all people concerned with peace, freedom, and social justice throughout the world." Designed architect Philip Johnson to encompass a group of fourteen paintings especially created for this meditative space by Mark Rothko [1903-1970]. Garden is dominated by "The Broken Obelisk," a sculpture by Barnett Newman. Entry #975 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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 | 1977 - Eleanor Roosevelt Center at Val-Kill, (ERVK), Val-Kill, New York (USA).
"Preserves home of Eleanor Roosevelt [1884-1962] in Hyde Park, NY. Provides programs inspired by her values and example. Today, the Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site is maintained by the US National Park Service (NPS). ERVK has a unique partnership with the NPS and collaborates with them on special projects." During Roosevelt's time at the United Nations, she chaired the committee that drafted and approved the Universal Declaration of Human Rights [1948].
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 | Future - Center For Civil & Human Rights (CCHR), downtown between The New World of Coca-Cola and the Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Discussed by Tom Flores (2008).
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| Future - Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR), Winnipeg, Manitoba (Canada). "Following the experiences of Bilbao and Valencia, this Canadian city hopes to draw tourists to an architecturally significant project. This museum, designed by Antoine Predock is slated to be opened by 2009."
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Women's Rights (7 institutions):
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 | 1902 - Margaret Fuller Neighborhood House (MFNH), Cambridge, Massachusetts (USA). "Eleventh oldest settlement house in the United States. Provides critical information and services to immigrants to successfully assimilate into the American culture. House built in 1807. Birthplace of Margaret Fuller [1810-1850], famed author, feminist, transcendentalist, and social critic.
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| Date? - Women's Rights National Historic Park, National Park
Service (NPS), 136 Fall Street, Seneca Falls, New York (USA). Includes home of Elizabeth Cady Stanton [1815-1902] and site of site of the First Women's Rights Convention held July 19-20, 1848. Visited by EWL.
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| Date? - International Museum of Women (IMOW), 101 Howard Street (Suite 480), San Francisco, California (USA). "A groundbreaking social change museum that inspires global action, connects people across borders and transforms hearts and minds by amplifying the voices of women worldwide through global online exhibitions, history, the arts and cultural programs that educate, create dialogue and build community."
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| 1929 - Sewall-Belmont House & Museum, 144 Constitution Avenue, NE, Washington, DC (USA). "Explores the evolving role of women and their contributions to society through the continuing, and often untold, story of women's pursuit for equality. The museum is the headquarters of the historic National Woman's Party (NWP) and was the Washington home of its founder and Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) author Alice Paul [1885-1977].
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| 1987 - National Museum of Women in the Arts (NMWA), 1250 New York Avenue, NW, Washington DC (USA). "The only museum in the world dedicated exclusively to recognizing the contributions of women artists." Click hee for the Wikipedia article.
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| 1996 - National Women's History Museum (NWHM), 205 South Whiting Street (Suite 254), Alexandria, Virginia (USA). "Educational institution dedicated to preserving, interpreting, and celebrating the diverse historic contributions of women, and integrating this rich heritage fully into our nation's history." Now in cyberspace but campaigning to build physical museum on the National Mall in Washington, DC.
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Native Americans (6 selected museums):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: There are many more musuems of or about Native Americans.)
 | 1936 - Ocmulgee National Monument, National Park Service (NPS), Macon, Georgia (USA). "A memorial to the relationship of people and natural resources in this corner of North America. We preserve a continuous record of human life in the Southeast from the earliest times to the present, there is evidence here of more than 12,000 years of human habitation." Has museum & many Indian mounds, including the Great Temple Mound (shown in image) which has a large restored underground coremonial chamber. Visited by EWL.
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| 1967 - Marin Museum of the American Indian, 2200 Novato Boulevard, Novato, California (USA). Situated on the actual site of a Miwok Village.
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| 1989 - Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians & Western Art, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). "Showcases Western and Native American art and cultural objects. The museum's design is also inpired by the land, people, and architecture of the American Southwest." Visited by EWL.
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| September 21, 2004 - National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Washingtom, DC (USA). Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| Future - "Global Peace Center," Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California (USA). Reuse of former prison proposed by Native Americans.
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Slavery & African American History (22 institutions):
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| 1927 - Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia (USA). The quintessential recreation of a 18th-century community in colonial America. Uses "living history" to portray slaves as an essential part of society. Described on pages 68-69 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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.jpg) | 1974 - African American Museum (AAM), Dallas Fair Park, 3536 Grand Avenue, Dallas, Texas (USA). "Only museum in the Southwestern US devoted to the preservation and display of African American artistic, cultural and historical materials. It also has one of the largest African American folk art collections in the US." A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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 | 1985 - Tubman African American Museum, 340 Walnut Street, Macon, Georgia (USA). Named in honor of Harriet Tubman [c1820-1913], "the courageous African American woman, known as the 'Black Moses,' who led hundreds of other slaves to freedom and served as Union spy, scout, and nurse during the Civil War." Formerly named "Harriet Tubman Center for Spiritual & Cultural Awareness." Mentioned by Tom Flores (2008).
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 | October 22, 1995 - Greenwood Cultural Center, 322 North Greenwood Avenue, Tulsa, Oklahoma (UAA). Has a permanent exhibit with photographs of the Greenwood Community, its Black businesses (including the "Negro Wall Street"), and the race riot of 1921. Click here for Wikipedia article. Described on page 349-350 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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 | June 2002 - Slavery & Civil War Museum, 1410 Water Avenue, Selma, Alabama (USA). An affiliate of the National Voting Rights Museum & Institute. Visited by EWL.
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 | 2003 - Dunbar House State Memorial, Dayton, Ohio (USA). Home of Paul Laurence Dunbar [1872-1906]. Dual federal & state jurisdiction. Adminisered as part of the Dayton Aviation Heritage National Historic Park. Black high schools named for Dunbar in Washington, DC, & Little Rock, Arkansas.
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| Date? - Frederick Douglass National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 1411 W Street, SE, Washngton, DC (USA). Home of Frederick Douglass [1818-1895]. Described on page 21 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Alex Haley Home and Museum, 200 South Church Street, Henning, Tennessee (USA). "Built in 1919 by Will E. Palmer, the maternal grandfather of Alex Haley [1921-1992]. From 1921 to 1929, and during some subsequent summers, Haley lived here with his grandparents. It was on the porch of this house that Haley heard from his grandmother the family stories that inspired him to write Roots: The Saga of an Amerian Family, retelling tales of his African ancestors who were brought to America as slaves. The work won him the 1976 Pulitzer Prize, and the book was presented in an eight-part television adaptation in 1977. Haley is buried on the grounds."
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 | Date? - Reginald F. Lewis Museum of Maryland Aftican American History & Culture, 830 East Pratt Street, Baltimore, Maryland (USA). "Sharing the courageous journeys toward freedom and
self-determination made by African American Marylanders." A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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 | Date? - African American Museum in Philadelphia (AAMP), 701 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA).
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| Date? - Booker T. Washington National Monument, State Highway 122, 22 miles from Roanoke, Virginia (USA).=. Described on pages 54-55 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Somerset Place State Historic Site, State Highway 64, 7 miles south of Creswell, North Carolina (USA). Described on pages 82-83 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Charlotte Hawkns Brown Historic Site, Sedalia, North Carolina (USA).. Described on page 98 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Zora Neale Hurston Art Museum, 227 East Kennedy Bouleard, Eatonville, Florida (USA). Described on pages 186-187 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Oldest black incorporated city in America.
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| Date? - Tuskegee Institute National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), US-80 to 1212 Old Montgomery Road, Tuskegee, Alabama (USA). Described on page 253-254 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Tuskegee Airmen National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), US-81 & Chappy James Drive, Tuskegee, Alabama (USA).. Described on page 254-255 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Nachez Museum of African American History & Culture, 301 Main Street, Natchez, Mississippi (USA). Described on page 281 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Future - National Musuem of African American History & Culture, The Mall, Washington, DC (USA). Under discussion since 1915.
Described on page 14 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Future - US National Slavery Museum, 1320 Central Park Boulevard (Suite 251), Fredericksburg, Virginia (USA). Designed by C. C. Pei. "Will offer 100,000 feet [sic] of permanent and temporary exhibit space. Exhibits will take visitors on a journey through time, beginning with Africa as the cradle of civilization through the Middle Passage on slave ships, to the slave resistance movement, the Civil War and the continuing struggle for equality today."
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Civil Rights & Desegregation (15 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1971 - Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), 400 Washington Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama (USA). Includes Civil Rights Memorial (by Maya Lin), Museum & Visitors Center. Entry #9 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 238-239 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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| September 28, 1991 - National Civil Rights Museum (NCRM), Memphis, Tennessee (USA). Includes facade of Lorraine Motel where Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Lobby contains World Peace Flame (qv). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entry #932 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 321-322 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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| 1992 - Birmingham Civil Rights Institute (BCRI), 520 Sixteenth Street, Birmingham, Alabama (USA). Large museum dedicated to the Birmingham & Alabma civil rights movements. Across the street from the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church where four girls were killed in 1963. Entry #1 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 221-224 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - National Voting Rights Museum & Institute (NVRM), 1012 Water Street, Selma, Alabama (USA). Entry #13 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 247-248 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - Brown v. Board of Education National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 15th & Monroe Streets, Topeka, Kansas (USA). Described on pages 335-337 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - Little Rock Central High School National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 2125 West Fourteenth Street, Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). Entry #38 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 311-313 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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| 1942 - Koinonia Partners, 1324 Georgia Highway 24S, Americus, Georgia (USA). "A [biracial] Christian farm community [and museum] founded by Clarence & Florence Jordan and Martin & Mabel England. Home of the Cotton Patch Gospel, birthplace of Habitat for Humanity, Jubilee Partners, Prison Jail Project, Fuller Center for Housing, and other ministries. Still growing pecans and peanuts, welcoming visitors, and living the 'demonstration plot for the Kingdom of God.'" Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.
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| Date? - Roberta Russa Moton Museum, Main Street & Griffin Boulevard, Farmville, Virginia (USA).. Described on pages 48-50 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Penn School District & Museum, Land's End Road, Frogmore, St. Helena Island, South Carolina (USA). Described on page 133 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Ralph Mark Gilbert Civil Rights Museum, 460 Martin Luther King Jr. Bouleard, Savannah, Georgia (USA). Described on pages 159-160 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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| Date? - Rosa Parks Museum, 252 Montgomery Street, Montgomery, Alabama (USA). Described on pages 233-234 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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| Date? - Tuskegee Human & Civil Rights Multicultural Center, 104 South Elm Street, Tuskegee, Alabama (USA). "This museum's Founded story was the Tuskeegee syphilis study." Described on page 255 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004).
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 | Date? - Green McAdoo Cultural Center, 101 School Street, Clinton, Tennessee (USA). Exhibits on the first students to desegregate a state-supported high school in the South -- on August 27, 1956.
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 | Future - International Civil Rights Center & Museum, in the original F.W. Woolworth building, South Elm Street, Greensboro, North Carolina (USA). Entry #773 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001).
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Immigration, Ethnicity & Tolerance (10 musuems), including one in Canada :
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1977 - Museum of Tolerance,
Simon Wiesenthal Center, 9786 West Pico Boulevard, Los Angeles, California (USA). Entry #87 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| September 10, 1990 - Ellis Island National Monument, National Park
Service (NPS), New York Harbor, New York/New Jersey (USA). "The nation's premier federal immigration station. In operation until 1954, the station processed over 12 million immigrant steamship passengers. The main building was restored after 30 years of abandonment and opened as a museum." Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| August 1999 - Pier 21: Canada's Immigration Museum, Halifax, Nova Scotia (Canada).
"With a goal of telling the story of all immigration to Canada, Pier 21 includes the broader story of nation building and will soon showcase exhibits highlighting the early beginnings of Canada (including first contact) and immigration from 1867 to the present." Visited by EWL.
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 | 1999 - La Galeria Museum & Cultural Center, Mexican Heritage Plaza, San Jose, California (USA). "Operated by the Mexican Heritage Corporation which has sponsored the International Mariachi Festival & Conference every summer since 1992." A Smithsonian Affiliate. Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| Date? - Arab American National Musuem, 13624 Michigan Avenue, Dearborn, Michigan (USA). "First museum in the world devoted to Arab American history and culture. By bringing the voices and faces of Arab Americans to mainstream audiences, we continue our commitment to dispel misconceptions about Arab Americans and other minorities. The Museum brings to light the shared experiences of immigrants and ethnic groups, paying tribute to the diversity of our nation." A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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 | 2004 - New York Tolerance Center (NYTC),
Simon Wiesenthal Center, 226 East 42nd Street, New York (UAA). "A dynamic experiential training facility centrally located in mid-town Manhattan, in New York City. The space includes state of the art exhibits, a multimedia theater, and classroom space." Open to the public on Mondays only. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| January 2006 - KidsBridge Tolerance Museum at the College of NJ (a.k.a. learning lab), The College of New Jersey (TCNJ), Trenton, New Jersey (USA). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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Holocaust & Genocide (5 museums):
Right click image to enlarge.
 | 1992 - Florida Holocaust Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida (USA). "Formerly known as the Holocaust Center, the museum moved to its current location in 1998 and officially changed to its current name in 1999. One of the largest Holocaust museums in the US, it houses an actual box car (from Gdynia, Poland) that transported victims of the Nazi regime to the concentration camps." Entry #226 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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 | 1993 - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, Washington, DC (USA). Entry #967 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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| March 1996 - Holocaust Museum Houston, Houston, Texas (USA). Entry #967 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| September 15, 1997 - Museum of Jewish Heritage, 36 Battery Place,
New York, New York (USA). "A Living Memorial to the Holocaust. Honors those who died by celebrating their lives - cherishing the civilization that they built, their achievements and faith, their joys and hopes, and the vibrant Jewish community that is their legacy today." Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| Date? - Cambodian Cultural Museum & Killing Fields Memorial, 9809-16th Avenue SW, White Center, Seattle, Washington (USA). Founded by Dara Duong, a survivor of the 1975-79 killing fields. Connected to the Wing Luke Asian Museum (WLAM)? One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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Wars on US Soil (7 battlefields):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1781 Surrender - Yorktown Battlefield, Colonial National Historic Park, National Park Service (NPS), Yorktown, Virginia (USA). Where Cornwallis surrendered to Washington on October 19, 1781, thus ending the American Revolution. Visited by EWL.
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 | 1813 Defeat -
Perry's Victory & International Peace Memorial, Put-in-Bay, South Bass Island, Ohio (USA). "Established to honor those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie [on September 10, 1813], but in equal part it is here to celebrate the long-lasting peace between Britain, Canada, and the US." Monument dedicated on June 13, 1915.
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| 1836 Defeat - San Jacinto Battlefield State Historic Site, Harris County, Texas (USA). Where Santa Anna was defeated by Houston on April 21, 1836, thus ending the Texas Revolution.
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 | 1865 Surrender - Appomattox Courthouse National Historic Park, National Park Service (NPS), Appomatox, Virginia (USA). Where Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865, thus ending the American Civil War. Described on pages 42-44 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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 | 1876 Defeat - Little Big Horn Battlefield National Monument, National Park Service (NPS), Crow Agency, Montana (USA). The Battle of the Little Bighorn—also known as Custer's Last Stand, and, in the parlance of the relevant Native Americans, the Battle of Greasy Grass Creek—was an armed engagement between a Lakota-Northern Cheyenne combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the US Army on June 25 and June 26, 1876.
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| 1941 Attack - USS Arizona Memorial Musuem, National Park Service (NPS), 1 Arizona Memorial Place, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaii (USA). "The USS Arizona serves as the final resting place for many of the battleship's 1,177 crew members who lost their lives on December 7, 1941." Memorial dedicated in 1962. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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 | 1943 Recapture - Near Massacre Bay, Attu Island, Alaska (USA). Japanese defenders defeated on May 29, 1943. Image shows the titanium Attu War Memorial erected by Japan in 1987.
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Mexican-American War [1846-1848] (1 memorial):
Right click image to enlarge.
 | 1850 - Kentucky Monument, Section K, State Cemetery, Frankfort, Kentudky (USA). "Unlike other conflicts in which the US has been involved, the War with Mexico has produced relatively few monuments or memorials. There is no national monument in Washington, D.C. This may be due in part to the misguided view, first advocated by Whig politicians opposed to President Polk and perpetuated by certain well-meaning but misguided or ill-informed historians, that the war was a dishonorable episode in our nation's history. Only a modest marble shaft, marking the mass grave of 750 U.S. soldiers buried in the Mexico City National Cemetery, has been erected by the federal government. The remaining few memorials have been erected by states (such as the Kentucky Monument, left.), counties, or lineage societies."
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Civil War [1861-1865] (4 museums):
NB: Selective list. Not including many local & battlefield museums.
Right click image to enlarge.
 | Date? - National Civil War Museum, Reservoir Park, 1 Lincoln Circle, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (USA). "The only museum in the US that portrays the entire story of the American Civil War. Equally balanced presentations are humanistic in nature without bias to Union or Confederate causes." Also serves as the National Headquarters for the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War (SUVCW), the legal successor to the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR).
Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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 | March 1994 - New England Civil War Museum, Memorial Hall, Vernon Town Hall, 14 Park Place, Vernon, Connecticut (USA).
Click here for the Wikipedia article. "Haw a large collection of Civil War items and is a repository of information relating to the Grand Army of the Republic."
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 | Date? - American Civil War Center at Historic Tredegar Iron Works, 500 Tredegar Street, Richmond, Virginia (USA). A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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 | Date? - Southern Museum of Civil War & Locomotive History, 2829 Cherokee Street, Kennesaw, Georgia (USA). A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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Spanish-American War [1898] (1 memorial):
Right click image to enlarge.
 | May 21, 1902 - Spanish-Amerian War Monument, Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Virginia (USA). This monument was aproved by Secretary of War Elihu Root [1845-1937] and dedicated by President Theodore Roosevelt [1858-1919], both of whom received the Nobel Peace Prize -- Roosevelt in 1906 and Root in 1912.
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World War I [1917-1918] (2 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
 
| About 1940 - Statue of Peace, Indiana World War Memorial, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). One of six alegorical figures. The others are Courage, Memory, Victory, Liberty & Patriotism. Visited by EWL.
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World War II [1941-1945] (2 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| June 6, 2000 - National World War II Museum, 945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, Louisiana (USA). Dedicated in 2000 as the National D-Day Museum but later designated by Congress as the country's official World War II Museum. Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| May 29, 2004 - National World War II Memorial, National Mall, 17th Street ( between Constitution & Independence Avenues), NW, Washington, DC (USA). "Honors the 16 million who served in the armed forces of the U.S., the more than 400,000 who died, and all who supported the war effort from home."
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Cold War [1945-1989] (8 instituions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1969 - Winston Churchill Memorial & Library in the United States, Westminster College, Fulton, Missouri (USA). Includes a museum in the undercroft of the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury, a 12th century church from the middle of London which was redesigned by Sir Christopher Wren in 1677, bombed out during WW-II, and relocated to Fulton in 19___. Right image shows section of the Berlin Wall erected outside the church. Churchill made his famous "Iron Curtain" speech at Westminster College in 1946, and Mikhail Gorbachev gave a speech there in 1992 declaring the end of the Cold War. Visited by EWL.
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| 1980's - CIA museum, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Langley, Virginia (USA). Not open to the public. "The preeminent national archive for the collection, preservation, documentation and exhibition of intelligence artifacts, culture, and history....Supports the Agency’s operational, recruitment, and training missions and helps visitors better understand CIA and the contributions it makes to national security." Click here for article about the museum in USA Today.
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 | December 16, 1993 - National Cryptologic Museum, National Security Agency (NSA), Annapolis Junction, Maryland (USA). "NSA's principal gateway to the public. It shares the Nation’s, as well as NSA’s, cryptologic legacy and place in world history." Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| September 2, 1997 - National Vigilance Park & Aerial Reconnaissance Memorial, National Security Agency (NSA), Annapolis Junction, Maryland (USA). "Stands to honor those 'silent warriors' who risked, and often lost, their lives performing airborne signals intelligence missions during the Cold War."
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| July 2002 - International Spy Museum, 800 F Street, NW, Washington, DC (USA). "The first and only public museum in the US solely dedicated to espionage and the only one in the world to provide a global perspective on this all-but-invisible profession." Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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 | Cyberspace - The Cold War Museum. Exists in cyberspace only.
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 | Future - Cold War Museum, site of Lorton Nike Missile Base, Lorton, Virginia (USA). The's museum's physical location is not yet certain. Accepted as a Smithsonian Affiliate Museum in January 2001. Click here for air view of site.
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 | Future - Rocky Flats Cold War Museum, Rocky Flats, Colorado (USA). At site of Rocky Flats hydrogen bomb production facility which operated 1952-1988 and was then decontaminated and demolished by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and turned into Rocky Flats National Wildlife Refuge. See "Rocky Flats - A local hazard forever" by Dr. LeRoy Moore, Rocky Mountain Peace & Justice Center (RMPJC), Boulder, Colorado. Visited by EWL.
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 | Future - Cold War / Peace Museum, Stewart International Airport, Newburgh & New Windsor, New York (USA). "The mission of the museum is to preserve the S.A.G.E. (Semi Automatic Ground Environment) building as a site in which to engage the general public in an examination of all aspects of the Cold War and to explore the lessons that can be drawn from the period."
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Korean War [1950-1953] (1 memorial):
Right click image to enlarge.
Vietnam War [1965-1975] (4 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
 | May 22, 1971 - Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library & Museum, University of Texas, Austin Texas (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| 1981 - National Vietnam Veterans Art Museum (NVVAM), 1801 South Indiana Avenue, Chicago, Illinois (USA). "A museum with artwork done by people who were involved in the Vietnam War. This means people from BOTH sides and it includes nurses, etc., not just soldiers. It is NOT a place where patriotism is the only way of thinking... I think the museum stands for whatever you bring to it -- your own perspective will indubitably color your take on this place. I'd like to say that it's an anti-war museum... When you walk in, by the front desk, there is a quote on the wall (there was 6 years ago, anyway) by a Buddhist guy that seemed pretty overtly anti-war, but if I recall, it says something like: war isn't child's play, it's serious business, and if you're going to do it, you damn well better understand what you are taking on." Includes 58,226 dog tags hanging from the ceiling, representing the US soldiers who died.
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 | November 13, 1982 - Vietnam Veterans National Memorial, National Park Service (NPS), West Potomac Park, Washington, DC (USA). Designed by Maya Lin. Visited by EWL.
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| Future - National Vietnam War Museum, US Highway 180, Mineral Wells, Texas (USA). Intended "to create an atmosphere of learning about the Vietnam War era, and engage people of all ages, nationalities, and political points of view." "On 12-acre site in western Parker County, approximately 40 minutes west of Fort Worth [and] east of the entrance to Lake Mineral Wells State Park, the most visited state park in Texas."
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Terrorism (4 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| April 19, 2000 - Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum, 620 North Harvey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA). Site of the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, which claimed 168 lives and left over 800 people injured. Final room of the museum represents Hope and is decorated with hundredes of brass origami peace cranes. Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.
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| September 2, 2008 - Center for Empowered Living & Learning ("The CELL"), Civic Center Cultural Complex (across from the Denver Art Museum), Denver, Colorado (USA). "Aims to educate people about the root of terrorism and what they can do to stop it. Inaugural exhibit is called 'Anyone, Anytime, Anywhere: Understanding the Threat of Terrorism.'"
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| September 11, 2008 - Pentagon Memorial, The Pentagon, Department of Defense, Arlington, Virginia (USA). A permanent outdoor memorial to the 184 people killed in the building and on American Airlines Flight 77 in the September 11, 2001 attacks. Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| Future - National September 11 Memorial & Museum at the World Trade Center (Ground Zero), New York, New York (USA). Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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Presidential Libraries & Museums (5 selected institutions):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: There are additonal presidential libraries & museums.)
 | July 1957 - Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, 500 West US Highway 24, Independence, Missouri (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.
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| May 22, 1971 - Lyndon Baines Johnson Presidential Library & Museum, University of Texas, Austin Texas (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| 1982 - The Carter Presidential Center, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). "Waging Peace. Fighting Disease. Building Hope." "The Carter Center is located in a 35-acre park approximately two miles east of downtown Atlanta. The Jimmy Carter Library and Museum, which is adjacent to the Center, is owned and operated by the National Archives and Records Administration of the federal government. The Center and Library are known collectively as The Carter Presidential Center." (Jimmy Carter was president 1977- 1981 and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2002.) Entry #238 in the " Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 1988 - Jimmy Carter National Historic Site & Jimmy Carter National Preservation District, National Park Service (NPS), Plains, Georgia (USA). The site includes President Carter’s residence, boyhood farm, school, and the railroad depot which served as his campaign headquarters during the 1976 election. The Plains High School serves as the site’s museum and visitor center. Visited by EWL.
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| November 18, 2004 - William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum, 1200 Clinton Avenue, Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). Visited by EWL.
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Pacifism, Civil Disobedience & Conscentious Objection (5 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| Date? - Quaker Heritage Center (QHC), 1870 Quaker Way, Wilmington, Ohio (USA). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 2000 - Traces Center for History and Culture, Landmark Center, 75 West Fifth Street (Suite 211), St. Paul, Minnesota (USA). Traces "preserves and present stories of people from the Midwest and Germany or Austria who encountered each other during World War II." It is "a peace project presenting itself as a history museum," according o founder/executive director Michael Luick-Thrams. Traces has six exhibits documenting Friends' responses to the Holocaust: AFSC's refugee centers at Scattergood Hostel [in Iowa] and at Quaker Hill in Richmond, Indiana; Leonard Kenworthy's year in wartime Berlin helping would-be refugees get out of the Third Reich; Clarence Pickett's two fact-finding tours to Nazi Germany; and others. Clarence Pickett [1884-1965] accepted the 1947 Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the American Friends Service Committee (AFSC). Landmark Center is a former Federal courthouse, built circa 1896, around a six-story neoclassical Victorian atrium. Click here for an article by the founder.
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| Future - National Peace Museum
of Conscientious Objection & Anti-war Activism, Historic Stockade, Presidio, Golden Gate National Recreation Area, San Francisco, California (USA). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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Nuclear Weapons (6 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge. (Click here for other museums about the atomic bomb and nuclear energy.)
| July 1957 - Harry S. Truman Presidential Library & Museum, 500 West US Highway 24, Independence, Missouri (USA). One of 12 presidential libraries administered by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.
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| September 26, 1961 - B-29 Bomber "Bockscar" at the National Musuem of the US Air Force, Wright-Paterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio (USA). Preservation of the plane that bombed Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. Dayton is also home to the Dayton International Peace Museum. Visited by EWL.
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| 1986 - Peace Farm, Amarillo, Texas (USA). Twenty acres of land on the southern boundary of the Pantex Plant. "Established as an information source about the Pantex Plant and to stand as a visible witness against the weapons of mass destruction being assembled there." Includes the Madre Sculpture (as shown by the image) .
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 | 1995 - B-29 Bomber "Enola Gay" (temporary exhibit), Air & Space Museum (NASM), Smithsonian Institution, The Mall, Washington, DC (USA). Parts of the plane that bombed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Scaled down version of the exhibition ("The Crossroads: The End of World War II, the Atomic Bomb and the Cold War") which the museum planned for the 50th anniversary of Hiroshma. The exhibit closed on May 18, 1998. Visited by EWL.
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 | December 15, 2003 - B-29 Bomber "Enola Gay" (permanent exhibit), Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Annex, National Air & Space Museum (NASM), Smithsonian Institution, Dulles Airport, Chantilly, Virginia (USA). The plane which bombed Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Dedication preceeded on Dec. 13 by a conference organized by Prof. Peter J. Kuznick at American University ("Hiroshima in the 21th Century: Will We Repeat the Past?") and a protest Dec. 14 at NY Avenue Presbyterian Chruch. Image shows peace activists -- including hibakusha from Japan -- protesting the exhibit on opening day. Visited by EWL.
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| August 6, 2008 - "Stories of Hope," permanent exhibit at Peace Resource Center (PRC), Wilmington College of Ohio, 51 College Street, Wilmington, Ohio (USA). Highlights four stories: Barbara Reynolds (who founded the PRC in 1975), Sadako Sasaki, the Hiroshima Maidens, and Dr. Takashi Nagai (first published writer of the A-Bomb experience). The PRC has "the world's largest collection (outside of Japan) of reference materials related to the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki." Entry #820 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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Japanese Americans & Internment During WW-II (5 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1985 - Japanese American National Museum (JANM), 369 East First Street, Los Angeles, California (USA). "Heart of Community" added in 1999 to present Japanese internment during WW-II. Entry #81 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James
Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| 2000 - National Japanese American Memorial to Patriotism During World War II, National Park Service (NPS), Washington, DC (USA). Pays homage to the thousands of Japanese men and women who were imprisioned in American relocation camps in 1942-1945. At the center of the memorial is a sculpture of a bronze crane by Nina A. Akamu. Rising above the confines of the memorial wall, the crane is meant to symbolize "rising beyond limitations." Visited by EWL.
| Date? - Manzanar National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), US Highway 395, 9 miles north of Lone Pine, California (USA). Interpretive center is in former high school building constructed by internees in 1944.
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| In Progress - Amache Japanese Internment Camp, Granada, Colorado (USA). Visited by EWL.
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| In Progress - Topaz Museum, c/o Great Basin Museum, Delta, Utah (USA).
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Utopian Communities (29 museums):
Click here for biographies of 55 famous communitarians.
Click here for website of the Communal Studies Association (CSA).
| Founded 1732 - Ephrata Cloister, Ephrata, Pennsylvania (USA). . Religious community. Visited by EWL. Conrad Beissel [1691-1768].
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| Founded 1783 - Hancock Shaker Village, Pittsfield, Massachusetts (USA). Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1793 - Enfield Shaker Museum, Enfield, New Hampshire (USA).
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| Founded 1804 - Harmony Historic District, Old Harmony, Pennsylvania (USA). Religious community. George Rapp [1757-1847].
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| Founded 1805 - Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, Pleasant Hill, Kentucky (USA).
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| Founded 1807 - Shaker Musuem at South Union, South Union, Kentucky (USA).
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| Founded 1817 - Zoar Community Association, Zoar, Ohio (USA). Religious community. Joseph Bimeler [1778-1820?].
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| Founded 1824 - Historic New Harmony, New Harmony, Indiana (USA). Socialist community. Visited by EWL. Robert Owen [1771-1858].
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| Founded 1839 - Historic Nauvoo, Nauvoo, Illinois (USA). Mormon community. Visited by EWL. Joseph Smith [1805-1844].
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| Founded 1843 - Amana Colonies, Amana, Iowa (USA).
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| Founded 1848 - Onida Community Mansion House, Sherrill, New York (USA). Free love community. Visited by EWL. John Humphrey Noyes [1811-1886].
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| Founded 1851 - Modern Times, Brentwood, New York (USA). Anarchist community. Josiah Warren [1798-1874].
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| Founded 1856 - Aurora Colony, Aurora, Oregon (USA). Visited by EWL. Religious community. William Keil [1812-1877].
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| Founded 1869 - Ocean Grove, New Jersey (USA). Camp meeting community. Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1880 - Historic Rugby, Rugby, Tennessee (USA). Cooperative community. Visited by EWL. Thomas Hughes [1822-1896].
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| Founded 1894 - Fairhope Museum of History, Fairhope, Alabama (USA). Single tax community. Visited by EWL. Henry George [1839-1897].
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| Founded 1894 - Ruskin Colony, Cave Mills, Tennessee (USA). Socialist community.
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| Founded 1895 - Roycroft, East Aurora (USA). Arts and crafts community. Visited by SC. Elbert Hubbard [1856-1915].
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| Founded 1898 - Glencairn Museum, Bryn Athyn, Pennsylvania (USA). Religious community. Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1900 - Arden, Arden, Delaware (USA). Single tax community. Visited by EWL. Frank Stephens [1858-1935].
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| Founded 1914 - Llano del Rio Cooperative Colony, Antelope Valley (USA). Socialist community.
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| Founded 1930 - Pendle Hill, Wallingford, Pennsylvania (USA). Quaker community. Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1933 - Arthurdale (Reedsville Project), Arthurdale, West Virginia (USA). Depression-era community.
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| Founded 1934 - Tower Museum, Cumberland Homesteads, Crossville, Tennessee (USA). Depression-era community. Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1936 - Jersey Homesteads Historic District, Roosevelt, New Jersey (USA). Depression-era community.
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| Founded 1937 - Greenbelt Museum, Greenbelt, Maryland (USA). Depression-era community. Visited by EWL.
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| Founded 1942 - History Center, Koinonia Partners, Americus, Georgia (USA). Multiracial community. Received Community of Christ Peace Prize in 2008. Visited by EWL. Clarence Jordan [1912-1969].
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| Founded 1954 - Woodcrest Bruderhof, Rifton, New York (USA). Religious community. Museum closed? Eberhard Arnold [1883-1935].
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| Founded 1986 - Satchidananda Ashram-Yogaville, Buckingham, Virginia (USA). Religious community. Sri Swami Satchidananda [1914-2002].
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Prisons & Death Penalty (6 selected institutions):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: There are many more musuems in former prisons.)
| Date? - Historical Torture Museum, Presidio's Main Post, San Francisco, California (USA). "The collection is owned by Italian independent scholars who have made these instruments available for traveling exhibits on the subject of torture."
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 | April 9, 1999 - National Prisoner of War Museum, Andersonville National Historic Site, Andersonville, Georgia, Virginia (USA). Honor all prisoners of war in American History: Civil War, World War II, Korea, Vietnam, etc. At site of the most nortorious Civil War prison camp. Visited by EWL.
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 | Date? - Eastern State Penitentiary (ESP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Virginia (USA). "America's most historic prison." A model of prison reform in its day. Website contains many, many links to all prison museums worldwide.
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 | Date? - Texas Prison Museum, Huntsville, Texas (USA). NB: Near operating prisons where Texas executes far more prisoners than any other state.
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 | Date? - West Virginia Penitentiary, Moundsville, West, Virginia (USA).
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| Future - "Global Peace Center," Alcatraz Island, San Francisco Bay, California (USA). Reuse of former prison proposed by Native Americans.
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Habitat & Developing Countries (5 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
 | Date? - Frontier Culture Museum of Virginia, 1290 Richmond Road, Staunton, Shennadoah Valley, Virginia (USA). "This open-air living history museum comprises five farms which were dismantled at their original sites and meticulously reassembled on the property. The German Farm from the village of Hordt dates to the 1600s. The Irish Farm dates to the 1700s. The English farm from Worcestershire dates to the 1600s. The Virginia Farm came from Botetourt County and dates to the 1800s. The newest addition is the Bowman House which stood in Rockingham County, Virginia, and dates to the 1700s." Visited by EWL.
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| 2003 - Global Village & Discovery Center, Habitat for Humanity, 721 West Church Street, Americus, Georgia (USA). Six-acre village. "A unique way to travel the world and learn about how Habitat for Humanity International works in partnership with families everywhere to eliminate poverty housing, all without leaving beautiful Southwest Georgia."
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.jpg) | Future - Global Village, Heifer International, Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). An experiential, immersive educational facility that will educate the public by replicating conditions in impoverished regions around the world. It will help inspire many thousands more people to join Heifer International in the fight against world hunger and poverty." Adjacent to the William J. Clinton Presidential Library & Museum. Visited by EWL.
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Medicine & Public Health (11 institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1887 - National Museum of of Health & Medicine, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 6900 Georgia Avenue, NW, Washington, DC (USA). Sucessor to the Army Medical Musuem which stood on the National Mall from 1887 until the 1960's. Visited by EWL.
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 | 1965 - Archives of the History of American Psychology (AHAP), University of Akron, Akron, Ohio (USA). "The archives has continuously acquired apparatus, equipment, testing materials, and all forms of media." A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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| Date? - National Museum of Civil War Medicine, 48 East Patrick Street, Frederick, Maryland (USA).
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| Date? - Glore Psychiatric Museum, 3406 Frederick Avenue, St. Joseph, Missouri (USA). "Chronicles the 130-year history of what was once known as the 'State Lunatic Asylum No. 2.' The Museum uses full-sized replicas, interactive displays, audio-visuals, artifacts, and documents to illustrate the history of the treatment of mental illness. The museum is recognized as 'one of the 50 most unusual Museums in the country.' It is also featured in the book 1,000 Places to See Before You Die in the USA and Canada."
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| Date? - Clara Barton Birthplace Museum, Barton Center for Diabetes Education, 66 Clara Barton Road,
North Oxford, Massachusetts (USA). "Teaches the timeless lessons of compassion and service through Clara Barton's life story. Throughout her long life she sought to improve people's lives by, in her own words, 'offering a hand up, not a handout.'" Barton [1821-1912] was founder of the American Red Cross.
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| Date? - Clara Barton National Historic Site, National Park
Service (NPS), 5801 Oxford Road (at MacArthur Boulevard), Glen Echo, Washington, DC (USA). This bulding is a former Red Cross field hospital actually used by Barton for relief immediately following the Johnstown Flood on May 31, 1889. Visited by EWL.
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| June 8, 1985 - Public Hospital for Persons of Insane & Disordered Minds, Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia (USA). The first building in North America devoted solely to the treatment of the mentally ill. The first patient was admitted October 12, 1773. The reconstructed hospital has six exhibition cells open to the public in the first floor of the east wing and staff offices on the second story.
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| Date? - Global Health Odyssey Museum, Tom Harkin Global Communications Center, Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). "Features award-winning permanent and changing exhibitions that focus on a variety of public health topics, as well as the history of CDC." A Smithsonian Affiliate.
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| March 16, 1996 - John P. McGovern Museum of Health & Medical Science (MHMS), Texas Medical Centr, Houston, Texas (USA). Also known as "The Health Museum." A result of the 1962 "Victory Over Polio" campaign.
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| September 16, 2008 - Mental Health Musuem, Provo, Utah (USA). Inside the historic Superintendent's Home at the Utah State Hospital (former Territorial Insane Asylum). "The history of the treatment of mental illness paints a barbaric portrait, one people need to see to understand how far we've come."
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| Future - National Health Museum (NHM), near Centennial Olympic Park, Atlanta, Georgia (USA).
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Children's Museums (2 seleted museums):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: There are many more children's museums.)
| 1925 - Children's Museum of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). "The largest children’s museum in the world. The more than 400,000-square-foot facility houses 11 major galleries that explore the physical and natural sciences, history, world cultures, and the arts." Visited by EWL.
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| 1989 - Wonderscope Children's Museum of Kansas City, Shawnee, Kansas (USA).
"Provides fun, inter-disciplinary arts and sciences exhibits and programs for children 10 and under, their parents and teachers from across the Kansas City area."
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Other (3 miscellaneous institutions):
Right click image to enlarge.
| 1978 - Peace Pentagon (Muste Building), A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, 339 Lafayette Street, New York City, New York (USA). Organized in 1974 to carry forward the commitment of A. J. Muste [1885-1967] to nonviolent radical change, the institute bought the "Peace Pentagon" office building in 1978 to provide a stable and affordable base for itself, the War Resisters League, and other activist groups in New York City. Now in need of major repairs and in danger of being sold. Click here for "Save the Peace Pentagon."
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| April 18, 1997 - Newseum, 555 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Washington, DC (USA). "The world's most interative museum." Funded by the Freedom Forum, a nonpartisan foundation dedicated to "free press, free speech and free spirit for all people." The original Newseum was closed on March 3, 2002, in order to allow its staff to concentrate on building the new, larger museum. The new museum, built at a cost of $450 million, opened its doors to the public on April 11, 2008. Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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| 2004 - National Museum of Patriotism, 1927 Piedmont Circle, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). "First ever organization to create a place where people of all backgrounds can come together to gain deeper perspective on the American spirit. Provocative examples of people who make this country great through acts of selflessness in government, science, military, business, community service, education etc, will inspire visitors to rake immediate action in everyday life to help create a better future for themselves and our country." "Grand Opening [in downtown Atlanta] slated for November of 2008." Mentioned in Tom Flores (2008).
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Major Memorials (12 memorials):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: All of these are also shown above, Some have museums. Some do not. All convey a powerful message of "peace.")
| About 1940 - Statue of Peace, Indiana World War Memorial, Indianapolis, Indiana (USA). One of six alegorical figures. The others are Courage, Memory, Victory, Liberty & Patriotism. Visited by EWL.
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| 1962 - USS Arizona Memorial Musuem, National Park Service (NPS), 1 Arizona Memorial Place, Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Oahu Island, Hawaii (USA). "The USS Arizona serves as the final resting place for many of the battleship's 1,177 crew members who lost their lives on December 7, 1941." Memorial dedicated in 1962. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| November 13, 1982 - Vietnam Veterans National Memorial, National Park Service (NPS), West Potomac Park, Washington, DC (USA). Designed by Maya Lin. Visited by EWL.
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| 1989 - Civil Rights Memorial (by Maya Lin), Museum & Visitors Center, Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC), 400 Washington Avenue, Montgomery, Alabama (USA). Memorial fountain names 40 people who died in the civil rights struggle. (SPLC was established in 1971.) Entry #9 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 238-239 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). Visited by EWL.
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| 1993 - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, Washington, DC (USA). Entry #967 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Visited by EWL.
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 | July 27, 1995 - Korean War Veterans National Memorial, National Park Service (NPS), West Potomac Park, Washington, DC (USA).
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| April 19, 2000 - Oklahoma City National Memorial & Museum, 620 North Harvey, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (USA). Site of the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, which claimed 168 lives and left over 800 people injured. Final room of the museum represents Hope and is decorated with hundredes of brass origami peace cranes. Click here for the Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.
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Peace & Justice Centers (20 selected centers):
Right click image to enlarge. (NB: There are many more peace & justice centers.)
| ARLINGTON (VA) - 1986 - Peace & Justice Center, Arlington, Virginia (USA). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| ATLANTA (GA) - Date? - Georgia Peace & Justice Coallition/Atlanta, c/o AFSC, 92 Piedmont Avenue, Atlanta, Georgia (USA).
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| ATLANTA (GA) - Date? - International Action Center - Atlanta Chapter, Atlanta, Georgia (USA).
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| BOULDER (CO) - 1983 - Rocky Mountain Peace & Justice Center (RMPJC), 3970 Broadway (Suite 105), Boulder, Colorado (USA). Entry #174 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Visited by EWL.
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| BURLINGTON (VT) - Date? - Peace & Justice Center, Burlington, Vermont (USA).
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| COLUMBIA (MO) - Date? - PeaceWorks Mid-Missouri, 804-C East Broadway, Columbia, Missouri (USA). Entry #559 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| DALLAS (TX) - 1981 - Dallas Peace Center, 4301 Bryan Street (Suite 202), Dallas, Texas (USA). Entry #957 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| FAYETTEVILLE (AR) - Date? - OMNI Center for Peace, Justice & Ecology, Fayetteville, Arkansas (USA). Visited by EWL.
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| HOUSTON (TX) - 1998 - Houston Peace & Justice Center (HPJC), Houston, Texas (USA). Entry #971 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| KANSAS CITY (MO) - Date? - PeaceWorks Kansas City, 4509 Walnut Street, Kansas City, Missouri (USA). Entry #562 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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 | LITTLE ROCK (AR) - 1980 - , Women's Action for New Directions (WAND) - Little Rock Chapter, 2510 Hidden Valley Drive, Little Rock, Arkansas (USA). Entry #39 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| NASHVILLE (TN) - Date? - Nashville Peace & Justice Center (NPJC), 4732 West Longdale Drive, Nashville, Tennessee (USA).
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| NEW YORK (NY) - October 2002 - United for Peace & Justice (UFPJ), 630 9th Avenue (Suite 216), New York, New York (USA). "A coalition of more than 1,300 international and US-based organizations opposed to 'our government's policy of permanent warfare and empire-building.'" Click here for the Wikipedia article. NB: Website contains list of all 1,300 member organizations.
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| PITTSBURGH (PA) - 1972 - Thomas Merton Center, 5125 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (USA). "Pittsburgh's Peace and Social Justice Center." NB: Website contains list of peace and justice groups everywhere in the United States.
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| SAN ANTONIO (TX) - 1997 - Peace Center, 1443 South St. Mary's, San Antonio, Texas (USA). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).
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| SAN ANTONIO (TX) - 1998 - Esperanza Peace & Justice Center, 922 San Pedro, San Antonio, Texas (USA). Entry #986 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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| SIOUX FALLS (SD) - Date? - South Dakota Peace & Justice Center (SDPJC), Sioux Falls, South Dakota (USA).
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| UKIAH (UT) - 1986 - Plowshares Peace & Justice Center, Ukiah, Utah (USA).
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| WASHINGTON (DC) - 1963 - Washington Peace Center, 1801 Columbia Road, NW, Washington, DC (USA).
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| WEST LAFAYETTE (IN) - Date? - Indiana Peace & Justice Network (IPJN), West Lafayette, Indiana (USA).
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