Peace Mouuments Related to the Holocaust

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Peace Monuments Related to the Holocaust & Other Genocide

Click here for chart rank ordering the holocaust & other human tragedies. Click here for Wikipedia's article on genocide.
Click here for Wikipedia's list of holocaust memorials & museums.. Chick here for another on-line list of holocaust memorials.

Nazi Concentration Camps (swasticas) & Extermination Camps (skulls)
Right click image to enlarge.

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L About 1950 - Massacre Memorial, Jedwabne (Poland). Left image shows "a group of rabbis plac[ing] stones on top of the memorial monument in Jedwabne. Gross's 2001 book on the subject opened up the debate on Polish anti-Semitism." The Jedwabne pogrom (or massacre) was a massacre of at least 300 Polish Jews at Jedwabne in German occupied Poland in July 1941. "Polish-American historian Jan T. Gross concluded that Germans were not present at the time of the crime and that the only perpetrators were Polish Gentiles."

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M 1953 - Yad Vashem at foot of Mount Herzl, Mount of Remembrance, Jerusalem (Israel). A 45-acre complex containing Holocaust History Museum (March 15, 2005, right image), memorial sites (such as Children's Memorial & Hall of Remembrance), Museum of Holocaust Art, sculptures, outdoor commemorative sites (such as Valley of the Communities), a synagogue, archives, a research institute, library, publishing house and International School for Holocaust Studies (1993). Non-Jews who saved Jews during the Holocaust at personal risk are honored by Yad Vashem as 'Righteous Among the Nations.'"

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M 1953 - October 21 Memorial Park, Desankin venac, Kragujevac (Serbia). At the site of the Kragujevac Massacre where 2,796 men, women and children were killed on October 21, 1941, by German occupation forces. Includes "Broken Wing" Monument (left image) & Genocide Museum (right image) which opened in 1976, Stanisa Brkic, curator. Click here for Wikipedia article. Info courtesy of Gerard Lössbroek.

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M 1958 - Konzentrationslager Buchenwald / Buchenwald Concentration Camp, Ettersberg / Etter Mountain, near Weimar, Thuringia (Germany). Stone memorial constructed in 1958.

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M 1965 - Konzentrationslager Dachau / Dachau Concentration Camp, Dachau, Bavaria (Germany). First Nazi concentration camp. Now Gedenkstatte Dachau / Dachau Concentration Camp Memorial Site. C
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H April 30, 1967 - Protestant Church of Reconcilliation, Dachau (Germany). Designed by Helmut Striffler. Dedicated by the Rev. Martin Niemöller [1892-1984], one of the most famous prisoners in Dachau and the first sent to Sachsenhausen after he was convicted of treason for preaching against the Nazi government.

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L 1968 - Tsitsernakapert Erevan / Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial, Yerevan (Armenia). "44 meter stele symbolizing the national rebirth of Armenians. 12 slabs are positioned in a circle, representing the 12 lost provinces in present day Turkey. In the center of the circle, at a depth of 1.5 meters, there is an eternal flame." "Sits on the site of a Iron Age fortress, all above-ground trace of which seems to have disappeared." Ceremony marking 95th anniversry of the genocide took place here on April 23, 2010 (right image)."

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L July 1969 - Mainanek Memorial, Lublin (Poland). Least changed of the Nazi extermination camps. "On the 25th anniversary of its liberation [by the Russian army], a large monument designed by Victor Tolkin was constructed at the site. It consists of two parts: a large gate monument at the camp's entrance (left image) & a large mausoleum (right image) holding ashes of the victims at its opposite end."

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L May 9, 1971 - Pomnik Martyrologii Dzieci / Monument of Children's Martyrdom, Park Szarych Szeregow / Gray Ranks, Marysinska, Lodz (Poland). Also called Broken Heart Monument. Dedicated on the 26th anniversary of Poland's victory over Germany. Commemorates the martyrdom of thousands of child prisoners who died here in a German concentration camp (Ghetto Litzmannstadt) during WW-II. Designed by Jadwiga Janus. Inscriptions: "Your life was taken, today we give You only memory" and "May it pass on to future generations our common cry: no more war, no more camps."

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M May 3, 1975 - Mauthausen-Gusen Concentration Camp, Mauthausen & Gusen (Austria). Center of a group of SS slave labor camps. Original inmates were largely Germans who had resisted the Nazi regime, notable communists, socialists, and religious dissenters. Thirty years after liberation Chancellor Bruno Kreisky officially opened the Mauthausen Museum. Many of the sub-camps near Gusen are now covered by residential areas built after the war. In February 2009 the memorial was vandalized by persons unknown, who defaced a section of the wall with anti-Islamic graffiti. Right image shows a 1978 East German postage stamp. M
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L 1984 - Holocaust Memorial, California Palace of the Legion of Honor (art musuem), San Francisco, California (USA).

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L November 6, 1988, The Flame, Baltimore Holocaust Memorial, Lombard & Gay Streets, Baltimore, Maryland (USA). 11-foot tall bronze sculpture. Depicts emaciated concentration camp inmates huddled together and being consumed by a fire. Sculped by Joseph Sheppard. Made by Fonderia Massimo Del Chiaro in 1987. Added to Arthur D. Valk's original (1980) Holocaust Memorial. Remained when Valk's work (which had "become a haven for illicit activity") was replaced by a new memorial designed by Lynn Katzen & architect Jonathan Fishman and dedicted October 6, 1997. Criticized for its explicit and graphic details, for being commissioned outside normal channels, and because it was an add on to the existing Valk work. Inscription around the top of the 6-foot cylindrical blanck granite base: "Those who cannot remember the past are condemed to repeat it." - George San Tayana [sic], 1863-1952.

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L February 1990 - Holocaust Memorial, Dade Boulevard at Meridian Avenue, Miami Beach, Florida (USA). Enlarge image to see victims covering the arm. Click here for reviews. M
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M 1992 - Steinwache Memorial Centre, Dortmund (Germany). Prison built in 1906 and operated by the Gestapo after 1933.

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M 1992 - Florida Holocaust Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida (USA). "Formerly known as the Holocaust Center, the museum moved to its current location in 1998 and officially changed to its current name in 1999. One of the largest Holocaust museums in the US, it houses an actual box car (from Gdynia, Poland) that transported victims of the Nazi regime to the concentration camps." Entry #226 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

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M April 22, 1993 - United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW, Washington, DC (USA). Entry #967 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Click here for Wikipedia article. Visited by EWL.

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M 1993 - Museum of Tolerance, Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC), 9786 West Pico Boulevard, Los Angeles, California (USA). Entry #87 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Click here for Wikipedia article. M
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L 1993 - Nooit Meer Auschwitz / Auschwitz Memorial, Wertheimpark, Amsterdam (Netherlands). Cracked mirror by Jan Wolker.

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M Date? - Herinneringscentrum Kamp Westerbork / Memorial Center Camp Westerbork, Westerbork, Middenveld, Drenthe (Netherlands). Westerbork functioned during the WW-II to assemble Roma and Dutch Jews for transport to other Nazi concentration camps. Now a museum. Upper image shows Rails Monument, part of a former railroad track which was used during WW-II to transport people to and from the camp, including Anne Frank. Lower image shows the Appelplatz Memorial, made of a small rectangular stone for each person who had stayed at Westerbork and later died in a Nazi camp. The stones have a silver flame insignia for Roma and Sinti and a Star of David for Jewish victims. (Appelplatz means square used for roll call.)

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T October 24, 1993 - Straße der Menschenrechte / Way of Human Rights, Germanisches Nationalmuseum /German National Museum, Nuremberg (Germany). "Sited on the street between the new and old buildings of the musuem, connecting Kornmarkt Street and the medieval city wall. Consists of a gate, 27 round pillars made of white concrete, two pillars buried in the ground showing only a round plate, and one columnar oak, for a total of 30 pillars. Engraved in each pillar is one article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. "Part of Nuremberg's efforts to shake off its Nazi-era reputation as the 'City of the Party Rallies' and reinvent itself as a 'City of Peace & Human Rights.'" "By Israeli sculptor Danny Karavan. See similar use of stone pillars by Karavan at Nitzana Settlement in the Negev Desert (Israel).

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L 1990's - Memorial to the Child Victims of the War, Lidice, (Czech Republic). 82 bronze statues of children (42 girls and 40 boys) aged 1 to 16 honoring the children who the Nazis murdered at the Chelmno extrermination camp in the summer of 1942. By academic sculptor Marie Uchytilová. M
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M 1995 - Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute (AGMI), Tsitsernakaberd ("Swallow Castle"), Yerevan, Central Armenia (Armenia). Adjacent to the Genocide Memorial. "Testimony to the 1915 destruction."

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L October 1995 - New England Holocaust Memorial (NEHM), Boston, Massachusetts (USA). "Begun by a group of survivors of Nazi concentration camps who have found new homes and new lives in the Boston area." M
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M March 1996 - Holocaust Museum Houston, Houston, Texas (USA). Entry #967 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

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M 1996 - William Breman Jewish Heritage & Holocaust Museum, 1440 Spring Street, NW, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Three main galleries: “Absence of Humanity: The Holocaust Years, 1933–1945;” “Creating Community: The Jews of Atlanta from 1845 to the Present;” and “The Marlene J. and William A Schwartz Special Exhibitions Gallery” which showcases traveling exhibits throughout the year.

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M 1997 - Holocaust Memorial, Holocaust Memorial Park. Brooklyn, New York City, New York (USA). Park dedicated in June 1985, memorial dedicated in 1997.
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M September 15, 1997 - Museum of Jewish Heritage - A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, 36 Battery Place, New York, New York (USA). "Honors those who died by celebrating their lives - cherishing the civilization that they built, their achievements and faith, their joys and hopes, and the vibrant Jewish community that is their legacy today." Click here for the Wikipedia article.

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L Date? - Holocaust Monument, Stockholm (Sweden). Sivert Lindblom, one of Sweden's foremost designers of urban spaces and the artist behind the Holocaust Monument, also designed the Alfred Nobel Monument (qv) in New York City (USA).

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M Date? - Cambodian Cultural Museum & Killing Fields Memorial, 9809-16th Avenue SW, White Center, Seattle, Washington (USA). Founded by Dara Duong, a survivor of the 1975-79 killing fields. Connected to the Wing Luke Asian Museum (WLAM)? One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008).

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L Date? - Killing Fields Memorial, Choeung Ek, near Phnom Penh (Cambodia). About 17,000 people were killed at Choeung Ek (a former orchard) during the Cambodian genocide (1975-1979). The memorial pagoda contains more thatn 8,000 skulls. "Apart from the stupa, the visitor can see the pits from which the bodies of the 8,000 victims were exhumed. Human bones still litter the site (right image). There is also a souvenir shop which strikes some visitors as being in poor taste."

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N November 2000 - Synagogue Memorial, "Synagogenplatz," Gartenstrasse, Tübingen (Germany). At site of Tübingen's former synagogue. From the large metal box to the metal column on the street, there is a narrow channel for water to flow under metal plates bearing the names of victims and down this simple waterfall in the foreground. Commemorates not only the building and its destruction, but also all the Jews of Tübingen who were murdered in the Holocaust. The synagogue was burned down during the Reichskristallnacht of November 9, 1938. Tübingen Nazis threw the Torah rolls into the Neckar, arrested five Jews and sent them to Dachau, and set the synagogue ablaze. After the war, Tübingen courts sentenced three of those involved to prison terms of 20 to 32 months. Info & Image from Mark Hatlie.

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M January 2001 - Holocaust & Intolerance Museum of New Mexico, 616 Central Avenue SW, Albuquerque, New Mexico (USA). "We are unique: Our purpose is to educate people about the Holocaust as well as to teach them about other genocides and forms of bullying that have affected people around the world. We are not limited to one religion, culture, geographic area, or time." Co-founded by Holocaust survivor Werner Gellert.

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L November 9, 2001 - Holocaust Maenmal der Kinder / Children's Holocaust Memorial, Whitwell (near Chattanooga), Tennessee (USA). "An authentic German railcar filled with 11 million paper clips (6 million for murdered Jews & 5 million for Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other groups). Dedicated on the anniversary of Kristallnacht. A sculpture designed by an artist from Ooltewah, Tennessee, stands next to the car, memorializing the 1.5 million children murdered by the Nazis and incorporating another 11 million paper clips."

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K 2002 - Gospodor Monument Park, Camus Road, Toledo-Winlock (near Olympia), Washington (USA). "Four towering memorials commemorating Jesus, Chief Seattle, Mother Teresa, and the Holocaust with statues or symbols atop 100-foot-plus steel-pipe towers. Visible for miles, especially at night. Dominic Gospodor had planned five more monuments: Two large ones to honor African-American history and the 17,000 people killed each year by drunken driving. Three statues to commemorate Jonas Salk, Susan B. Anthony, and William Seward. He said his monument project has so far cost him about $500,000. Gospodor is horrified by the Holocaust. Raised Catholic, he is especially concerned about the church's inaction during World War II: "They all remained silent. Everybody remained silent."

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M September 2003 - Halabja Martyrs Monument & Museum, Halabja (Iraq). A 100-foot-tall modern structure with a museum inside. Honors the thousands of people killed in 1988 when Saddam Hussein's army infamously attacked the town with chemical weapons. Opened just six months after the US invasion of Iraq. Secretary of State Colin Powell & other US dignitaries attended opening ceremony and were received by cheering crowds in the streets. Demonstrators set the monument on fire March 16, 2006, in protest against lack of government assistance. .

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M April 2004 - Kigali Memorial Centre, Kigali (Rwanda). "A reminder of the horrors of genocide in an attempt to stop history from repeating itself. The first floor retraces the events leading up to the 1994 genocide and details the heinous event itself. On the second floor is an area devoted to children who were killed in the genocide. Outside are the graves of over 250,000 people, and more are still being created as remains continue to be found."

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M 2004 - New York Tolerance Center (NYTC), Simon Wiesenthal Center, 226 East 42nd Street, New York (UAA). "A dynamic experiential training facility centrally located in mid-town Manhattan, in New York City. The space includes state of the art exhibits, a multimedia theater, and classroom space." Open to the public on Mondays only. One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). M
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L May 12, 2005 - Denkmal für die ermordeten Juden Europas / Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, Potsdamer Platz, Berlin (Germany). "Field of Stelae" has 2,711 stelae.

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L October 22, 2006 - Nashville Holocaust Memorial, Gordon Jewish Community Center, 801 Percy Warner Boulevard, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Sculptor Alex Limor (whose parents were both holocaust survivors), Limor Steel, Nashville, created the memorial's centerpiece: A large bronze book with missing or tattered pages filled with silhouettes of nameless faces to represent the status of European Jewry. Also has memorial wall inscribed with the names of deceased Holocaust survivors and victims and an eternal flame. Two quotations on entrance panel: George Santayana [1863-1952]: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Edmund Burke [1729-1797]: " All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.”

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M January 18, 2007 - Museum of History & Holocaust Education (MHHE), Continuing Education Building, KSU Center, Kennesaw State University, 3333 Busbee Drive, Kennesaw, Georgia (USA). "Funded in part by the Marcus Foundation & directed by Dr. Catherine Lewis. Presents public programs & exhibitions focused on WW-II & the Holocaust in an effort to promote education & dialogue about the past & its significance today." "Organized after an incredibly successful traveling Anne Frank exhibit [2003-2006]..." ("Graduates of KSU's public history certificate program...go on to work in museums, archives & historic preservation offices & to enroll in graduate programs in history, historic preservation, non-profit management, public history & museum studies."

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August 30, 2007 - Memorial to Deserters, Theaterhaus, Stuttgart (Germany). Smaller "postive" figure in front of larger "negative" figure. Awaits a more permanent location in downtown Stuttgart. NB: More than 15,000 men were executed for desertion by the Nazi regime. This monument was opposded by all political parties. The federal government argued that "Deserters are people who avoid their responsibility to the community." Info & Image from Mark Hatlie.

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L May 31, 2008 - "Million Penny Project," Groton-Dunstable Middle School, Groton, Massachusetts (USA). Clear acrylic 5x6 foot container filled 2 feet deep with 1,500,000 US pennies, representing each of the 1,500,000 Jewish children killed during the Holocaust. Inspired by the paper clip project in Whitwell, Tennessee (qv), students of teacher Niki Rockwell began collecting pennies in 2006. Donations were received from Polish Holocaust survivor Norman Salsitz, Russian Jewish descendent A. Raymond Tye, and many others. Info & image courtesy of Jayme Kulesz.

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M November 23, 2008 - National Sikh Heritage Centre & Holocaust Museum, Princes Street, Pear Tree, Derby (England). "A modern, packed, multi-channel museum with real artefacts that allow the visitor to appreciate the rich and complex heritage of the Sikhs in a story of courage, sacrifice and bloody genocide." "One hopes we will see similar initiatives in the US and Canada as well."

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October 8, 2009 - Holocaust Memorial, Bucharest (Romania). "In memory of some 300,000 Jews and Gypsies killed during the Holocaust in the country... Romanian authorities set up the Elie Wiesel International Commission on the Holocaust in 2003 after one ministry in the Social Democratic government denied there had been a Holocaust in Romania during World War II."

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M "Before 2011" - Armenian Genocide Museum of America (AGMA), 615-14th Street, NW, Washington, DC (USA). "Will be the premier institution in the USA dedicated to educating American and international audiences about the Armenian Genocide and its continuing consequences. Visitors will come to understand the Armenian Genocide as the prototype for modern crimes against humanity, including the Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, and Darfur."

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M Future - Center for Human Dignity-Museum of Tolerance Jerusalem, Simon Wiesenthal Center (SWC), Jerusalem (Israel). Under construction. "Replaces a four-story underground parking structure next to Independence Park. The park is on the grounds of a Muslim cemetery. The project aims to promote tolerance amongst Jewish populations within Israel, including Ashkenazim, Mizrahim, Ethiopians, Russians, and others. The new museum complex has been designed by Frank Gehry to resemble a fruit bowl.
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