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1190's AD - Minaret of Jam, Ghowr Province (Afghanistan). "A UNESCO world heritage site. Forgotten to the outside world until 1957." /// "One of the great wonders of the medieval world. A very tall, heavily ornamented minaret nestled in a green valley at the edge of the Jam River. Often called the Minaret of Jam, the monument was almost a millenium ago illuminated by a torch at its top, and surrounded by a thriving town with small industries & outlying farms. What's remarkable is that the writing on the minaret & archaeological remains nearby strongly suggest that the city harbored a population of Muslims, Christians & Jews. Writing on the minaret is a detailed transcription from the Koran that celebrates the life of Mary, mother of Jesus, highlighting the connections between Islam & other religions. Nearby there is a Jewish graveyard, which is another hint that people of different religions were living peacefully together. Was this lost city once a bastion of medieval tolerance?" |
About 1816 - Rue de la Paix / Peace Street, 2nd Arondissement, Paris (France). Connects the Place Vendôme (seen in lower image) to the Opéra de Paris (1875). Part of Napoléon's program to open the heart of the Right Bank, the street was constructed in 1806 and required the demolition of the ancient Convent of the Capucins. At first named Rue Napoléon, the name was changed at the Bourbon Restoration to celebrate the Peace of 1815, the treaty for which was signed on November 20, 1815. Now one of the world's most fashionable shopping streets, known above all for the shop opended by Cartier SA in 1898 at 13, rue de la Paix. (The column in the Place Vendôme celebrates Napoléon's victory at Austerlitz on December 2, 1805. Its veneer was made from cannon taken from the combined armies of Europe.) |
November 1835 - Wilberforce Monument, Queen's Garderns, Hull (England). "The column is 90 feet, and the statue on top is 12 feet tall, carved out of hard-wearing millstone grit. The statue was, in fact, an after-thought by the monument committee. It was sculpted by a Mr. Feort in Dock Street." Photo was taken in 1903. /// "William Wilberforce [1759-1833] was a British politician, philanthropist & a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade." |
1838 - Peace Column, Château Allaman/Allaman Castle (aka Peace Castle), Allaman, Vaud (Switzerland). On Lake Geneva. Column was discovered in 2013 hidden, perhaps deliberately, inside a plaster pillar. "One of the most significant historical Castles (maybe in the whole of Europe, the heart of the Peace movement, initiated & inspired by Count J.J. de Sellon. It is in [this castle] that the first Congrès of Peace took place in 1832. So, you are, if I may say, and keeper of the Peace history. What does it represent for you to be the owner of the Peace Castle? /// Markus Jerger: The honour, privilege & pleasure to own & live in a medieval estate is not comparable to any other form of 'home' or 'life' experience. You are inspired daily by a new historic discovery when surrounded by a rich past, like in Allaman Castle. This place emerges you into the evolution of the societies of the region in the 10th, 12th, 14th, 18th Century & the past owners life & contribution to our history. Sellon is such an exceptional example, but also Cavour or the Countess Margarite de Langallerie were outstanding contributors to the Castle's unique evolution." /// Translation of the column's inscriptions is unavailable. INCOMPLETEe words: 'This Memorial is raised as a token of regard to the brave men and women whose names it bears.'--> |
O B I L I S K S | Oblisk on left: 1879 - Robert Owen Memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery, London (England). Erected by committee under Joseph Corfield [1808-1888]. Robert Owen [1771-1858] developed utopian communities both in New Lanark (Scotland) and New Harmony, Indiana (USA). This is not his grave; he is buried in Newtown, Montgomeryshire (Wales). | Oblisk on right: August 1885 - Reformers Memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery, London (England). Column of light stone inscribed "to the memory of the men and women who have generously given their time and means to improve the conditions and enlarge the happiness of all classes of society." Erected by Joseph William Corfield [1809-1888] of Abney Park, a Unitarian and member the South Place Ethical Society. Displays "the names of 50 well-known reformers. Another 25 were added in 1907 on the instructions of Corfield's daughter Emma." The first two names are Robert Owen [1771-1858] and John Bellers [1654-1725]. "The remaining 72 names include many well known social reformers, Christian Socialists, Co-operators and political activists." "Contested Sites: Commemoration, Memorial and Popular Politics in Nineteenth-Century Britain" (by Paul A. Pickering, Alex Tyrrell et al, May 2004) names 46 of the reformers. |
| July 16, 1899 - Friedensengel / Angel of Peace, on opposite side of Luitpoldbrücke over Isar River, Munich, Bavaria (Germany). Celebrates 25 years of peace since war with France 1870-71. Erected 1896-99 by sculptors Heinrich Duell, Georg Pezold & Max Heilmaier. "Rising above the terraces in the axis of the Prinzregentenstrasse is the 38-metre 'Angel of Peace,' which is the dominant feature of the park and is often regarded as a symbol of Munich. Created to mark the 25 years of peace after the 1871 Treaty of Versailles, it is mounted on a 23-metre column above a small hall, and is modelled on Athena, goddess of wisdom and peace, but also goddess of 'strategic' war. She holds Nike in her hand, the goddess of victory. The Friedensengel provides a spectacular view of the city, and is sited above a superb terrace, which is unfortunately marred by heavy traffic." Lower left image shows temple at the base of the column. Lower right imges show Prinzregentenbrücke / Prinzregenten Bridge over the Isar (1900-01, architect: Theodor Fischer). |
About 1920 - Peace Memorial, Delly Green, Hailey (Witney Parish), Oxfordshire (England). "A 'Peace Memorial' on Delly green, in the form of a small domed temple supported on four columns, was erected about 1920 by Mrs. Phipps of Hailey Manor, and a war memorial cross near the church in Middletown about the same time." Click here for more about the phrase "peace memorial" (used in many parts of the British Commonwealth after World War I). |
1922 - Monument aux morts / Pacifist War Memorial, Gentioux, Creuse Department, Limousin Region (France). "After World War I, some towns in France set up pacifist war memorials. Instead of commemorating the glorious dead, these memorials denounce war with figures of grieving widows & children rather than soldiers. Such memorials provoked anger among veterans & the military in general. The most famous one is located in Gentioux. Below the column which lists the name of the fallen stands an orphan in bronze pointing to an inscription 'Maudite soit la guerre / Cursed be war.' Feelings ran so high that the memorial was not officially inaugurated until 1990, & soldiers at the nearby army camp were under orders to turn their heads when they walked past." |
Date? - Abadhit Samudra Marg Tirsthambh (South Pole Indicator), Somanatha Temple, Sourashtra province, Gugerat (India). On the seawall. "A painted globe atop a column with an arrow piercing it, pointing due south." Inscribed, "The light path stretching without obstruction up to the South Pole over the end of the ocean." "Indicates the unobstructed sea route to the south pole. This is an example of the great knowledge Indians had in ancient period." |
| June 31, 1931 - Perry's Victory & International Peace Memorial, Put-in-Bay, South Bass Island, Ohio (USA). "Honors those who fought in the Battle of Lake Erie, during the war of 1812, but in equal part it is here to celebrate the long-lasting peace between Britain, Canada & the USA." /// "352 foot (107 m) - the world's most massive Doric column. Fourth tallest monument in USA (only Gateway Arch, San Jacinto Monument, & Washington Monument are taller). Beneath the stone floor lie the remains of three American officers & three British officers. Constructed by a multi-state commission 1912-1915 "to inculcate the lessons of international peace by arbitration & disarmament." Although substantially completed in 1915, funding problems prevented the proper completion. In 1919, the federal government assumed control of the monument & provided additional funding. Official dedication was celebrated on July 31, 1931. In 2002, 2.4 million dollars was spent on a new visitor center. Visited by 200,000 people each year." Closed for repairs 2009-2012. Entry #818 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). |
1962 - "Peace," Timber Cove Inn, near Jenner, Sonoma County, California (USA). 72-foot tall obelisk by the naive/abstract Italian-born San Francisco sculptor Beniamino (Benny) Bufano [1998-1970]. Officially named "The Expanding Universe." Begun in September 1962, just weeks before the Cuban Missile Crisis, the 93-foot-tall [sic] concrete, lead, & mosaic sculpture is adorned with elements of the Madonna, Universal Child & a large, open hand -- themes of peace... From Bufano's perspective, a symbolic 'projectile' recalling the cold war's intercontinental ballistic missiles that in 1962 threatened life on earth... Bufano believed in peace, but he was...eclectic, suspicious, egotistical, occasionally hostile... Yet, Bufano's sculptures still survive &, given their hard material constituents and public ownership, will for years to come. [They] remind us of Bufano's challenge to remain vigilant in our defense of democracy, to cherish world peace, and to honor & protect the planet's children..." Click here for source of this quote. |
Date? - Olof Palme Monument, Olof Palme Park, Dikili, Izmir Province (Turkey). "The monument of the memory of the [assassinated] former Sweden president Olof Palme [1927-1986] which is known for his contributions to peace all over the world, has become the symbol of peace in Dikili. The message on the monument stone symbolizes the peaceful stand of Dikili against brutal forces: 'The freedom dream of the nations can not be destroyed by brutal force. This dream continues to survive and surely overcomes.' Olof PALME." /// "Every year, demonstrations & interviews are organized for the World Day of Peace." |
1976 - Four Freedoms Monument, Sunset Park, Ohio River, Evansville, Indiana (USA). Next to "Japanese Pagoda" (qv). A US Bicentennial project. Designed by local engineer Rupert Condict. Has four columns from depot of the former Evansville & Terre Haute Railroad (right image) plus separate stones for each of the 50 states. President Franklin D. Roosevelt [1882-1945] announced the Four Freedoms on January 6, 1941 Click here for other Four Freedoms monuments. |
Date? - Four Freedoms Monument, Tremont neighborhood, Cleveland, Ohio (USA). A single column, with one of the Freedoms printed on each side. On top of the column is a sculpture of two hands holding a globe of the Earth." /// "Cared for by the 3 Veterans Posts in Tremont, Post 1, Post 30 and Post 58 and St. John Cantius Church." |
AH N M A L | October 10, 1986-November 10, 1993 - "Mahnmal gegen Faschismus, Krieg, Gewalt - Fur Frieden und Menschenrechte / Memorial Against Fascism, War and Violence - For Peace and Human Rights," Rathaus Train Station, Harburger Ring, Hamburg (Germany). By Esther Shalev-Gerz & Jochen Gerz. "Started out as a pillar [12 meter stele] in 1986 and was gradually lowered into the ground over eight [or ten?] steps until 1993. Since then it has just been a plaque in the ground." Text on plaque quoted differently by different sources: "Denn nichts kann auf Dauer an unserer Stelle sich gegen das Unrecht erheben / Because nothing can permanently at our place to rise against injustice." "We invite the citizens of Harburg and visitors to the town to add their names here to ours. In doing so we commit ourselves to remain vigilant. As more and more names cover the 12-meter-tall lead column, it will gradually be lowered into the ground. One day it will have disappeared completely and the site of the Harburg monument against fascism will be empty. In the end it is only we ourselves who can rise up against injustice." |
1989? - Peace Column, Altes Stadthaus / Old Town Hall, Friedensplatz / Peace Square, Dortmund, Ruhr District, North Rhine-Westphalia (Germany). "The Town Hall was designed by the architect Dietrich Kälberer & inaugurated together with Peace Square on June 16th 1989. In the centre of Peace Square stands the Peace Column which was created by the Berlin sculpturess Susanne Wehland. In gold letters the word 'PEACE' is written on the column in the various languages of Dortmund's twin cities." GERMANY 1989 SISTER_CITIES |
After 1996 - Peacemakers Memorial, Sharm El Sheikh (Egypt). "The participants in the 'Summit of Peacemakers' [on March 13, 1996] pledged unity to stop a bloody wave of terrorism that has washed over the Middle East in recent weeks. US President Bill Clinton, co-hosting the one-day summit with Egyptian President Hosni Mubarek, outlined a plan agreed to by the 29 world leaders who attended. According to Clinton, a 'working group' of world leaders will report in 30 days on the plan's goals: enhancing the peace process, promoting security, and ending the terrorist attacks. The conference at Sharm el-Sheikh, a resort town along the Red Sea, was boycotted by Syria and Lebanon, who complained that too much emphasis was being put on Israel's interests at Arab expense. At the post-summit press conference, Mubarak and Clinton both said they believe Syrian leader Hafez Assad is committed to the peace process." /// Lower image shows (from left to right) in front: Irish Prime Minister John Bruton, Canadian PM Jean Chretien, Turkish President Suleyman Demirel, Jordan's King Hussein, Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres, US President Bill Clinton, Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, Russian President Boris Yeltsin, PLO Leader Yasser Arafat, King Hassan II of Morocco. At rear behind King Hussein, British PM John Major left, Italian PM Lamberto Dini, right. |
March 30, 2000 - Mur Pour la Paix / Wall for Peace, Champs de Mars, Paris (France). Between the École militaire and the Eiffel Tower. Designed by Clara Halter who also designed the Peace Tower in St. Petersburg (2003), the Gates of Peace in Hiroshima (2005), and the Tents of Peace in Jerusalem. Click here for article from NY Daily News (15Aug11) about moves to remove this "temporary" monument. |
2002 - Gospodor Monument Park, Camus Road, Toledo-Winlock (near Olympia), Washington (USA). "Four towering memorials commemorating Jesus, Chief Seattle, Mother Teresa, and the Holocaust with statues or symbols atop 100-foot-plus steel-pipe towers. Visible for miles, especially at night. Dominic Gospodor had planned five more monuments: Two large ones to honor African-American history and the 17,000 people killed each year by drunken driving. Three statues to commemorate Jonas Salk, Susan B. Anthony, and William Seward. He said his monument project has so far cost him about $500,000. Gospodor is horrified by the Holocaust. Raised Catholic, he is especially concerned about the church's inaction during World War II: "They all remained silent. Everybody remained silent." |
2003 - Monument to American Nobel Laureates, Roosevelt Park, New York City, New York (USA). "You'll be excused if you're unaware that there's a monument to American Nobel laureates in Theodore Roosevelt Park, behind the American Museum of Natural History. I was until I attended a ceremony there Tuesday evening during which the names of the latest laureates—Peter Diamond and Dale Mortensen, both of whom received the economics prize, and Richard Heck, for chemistry—were unveiled. It's actually fitting that the rose-colored-stone column, abbreviated obelisk, plinth or however you want to describe it is situated in Theodore Roosevelt Park. In 1906, President Roosevelt was the first American to receive the prize. Since then, the names of 319 other Americans have been added to the list, among them Al Gore in 2007 and Barack Obama in 2009, both for their peace efforts. One might assume that erecting a monument to American laureates, dedicated in 2003, wouldn't attract a lot of controversy. Then again, this is the Upper West Side. "It took 32 separate meetings," remembered Parks Commissioner Adrian Benepe, who was the department's Manhattan borough commissioner under Henry Stern at the time. "This was not an easy one," agreed Mr. Stern, who also attended the event. "We had one woman on the West Side, an activist, who said it was an outrage because Alfred Nobel invented dynamite... -- Wall Street Journal, September 2011." Image shows 2010 Nobel laureate Peter Diamond at the monument ceremony on Tuesday, September 27, 2011. |
E M O R I A L | 2003? - Uhuru Monument, Uhuru Gardens, along Langata road, Nairobi (Kenya). Near Wilson Airport. Built on the spot where Uhuru / Freedom was gained from British rule & declared at midnight on December 12, 1963. The column of the Uhuru monument stands 24 meters high & supports a pair of clasped hands as well as the dove of peace plus the column of the statue of a group of freedom fighters raising the flag. Uhuru Gardens is Kenya's largest memorial park. They "are the biggest home to Nairobi memorial tombs of all the Independence freedom fighters. In 2003 however, the Uhuru Gardens was the site of a public damage of arms [sic]. This representational ceremony took place on the third anniversary of the signature [on March 15, 2000] of the Nairobi Declaration on Small Arms & Light Weapons." ("One of the things that brought Professor Wangari Maathai to fame leading to a Nobel peace award [in 2004] was her fight to protect the park when the government attempted to construct office buildings at the park.") |
October 13, 2006 - Legacy of Love Monument, Oak Lawn Triangle, Oak Lawn Avenue & Cedar Springs Road, Dallas, Texas (USA). "The 27-foot-tall column and small surrounding garden was constructed in honor of Friedhelm Schnitzler, who died of AIDS, although its creators point out that the monument is a tribute to all of Oak Lawn's citizens, gay & straight, those who have passed on, and those who are very much alive." "It’s become a local landmark and gathering place for Dallas’ LGBT community" /// "Vandalized & tagged "666" with red paint early Sunday, June 29, 2014... The Cathedral of Hope, near Cedar Springs & Inwood roads, was also vandalized. The driveway of the church, which has a large gay & lesbian membership, was also marked with "666" graffiti. The building that houses the Dallas Observer at Maple & Oak Lawn avenues was also tagged." |
October 9, 2007 - Lennon "Imagine Peace" Tower, Videy Island, Reykjavik (Iceland). Dedicated by Yoko Ono on John Lennon’s 67th birthday. John Lennon (1980): "If you can imagine a world of peace. If you can imagine the possibility. Then it can be true." Click here for Wikipedia article. |
September 15, 2008 - Tolerance Monument, Tolerance Park, Jerusalem (Israel). 15-meter monument "funded by Polish businessman Aleksander Gudzowaty as a symbol to promote peace in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict." Between Jewish Armon Hanatziv & Arab Jabal Mukaber and just outside the United Nations headquarters in Jerusalem's "Government House." Inscription says: "The monument is in the form of two halves of a broken column, which stand divided but still linked, on the ruins of a nameless and ageless temple. An olive tree grows in the middle of the split column and with its leaves seeks to encompass and shade both halves. The tree enables the two parts of the column to link together in symbolic coexistence. It cannot be known when the break will heal, when the two sides will grow back together but it can be seen that between the branches of the olive tree a new seed is sprouting, a golden grain of tolerance." /// This is "Monday's Monument" #39. |