Peace Monuments in London, England

aClick here for an article about this grave. Peace Monuments in London, England Please email your comments & questions to geovisual at comcast.net. Thank you.

Peace Monuments in & near London (England)

Click here for peace monuments elsewhere in England (UK).
Click here for "Memorials for Peace," website of the Peace Pledge Union (PPU).
Click here for article about blue plaques in London.
Right click image to enlarge.

2600-2400 BCE - Peace Panel, Standard of Ur, British Museum, London (England). "Peace" [upper image & detail] portrays a banquet scene. Attendants parade animals, fish, and other goods (possibly war booty) before seated figures, while a lyrist entertains the throng." "The 'standard' is a hollow wooden box and a mosaic inlaid with red limestone, lapis lazuli and shells. Its original function is not understood, but it has been suggested it was born upon a pole as a standard, thus its common name, 'The Standard of Ur.' Another suggestion was its use as a carrying case for a musical instrument. Excavated in what was the old royal cemetery in what had been the ancient city of Ur, which was located in modern-day Iraq, south of Baghdad. There are two larger panels – one side depicting peace and the other side war [lower image]."

1440-1445 - The Battle of San Romano, A set of three paintings by the Florentine painter Paolo Uccello [1397-1475] depicting events that took place at the Battle of San Romano in 1432. Much admired in the 15th century. They are now divided between three collections, the National Gallery, London, the Galleria degli Uffizi and the Musée du Louvre, Paris.

Circa 1483 - Venus and Mars, National Gallery, London (England). A painting by the Italian Renaissance master Sandro Botticelli [c1445-1510].

1629-30 - "Allegory on the blessings of peace" by Peter Paul Rubens [1577-1640], National Gallery, London (England). Oil on canvas, 203.5 x 298 cm (80 1/8 x 117 1/4 in). Also called "Peace & War" and "Minerva protects Pax from Mars."

Circa 1638 - "Allegory of Peace and the Arts under the English Crown," Central Hall, Queen's House (now Malborough House), Greenwich (England). Ceiling painting. "One of the few documented collaborations between Artemisia Gentileschi [1593-1653] and her father Orazio Gentileschi [1563-1639], who who arrived in Britain in 1626 to work at the Court of King Charles I and Queen Henrietta Maria of England."

1648 - Die Gesandten beschwoeren den Frieden zu Muenster / Ratification of the Treaty of Münster (Peace of Westphalia) by Gerard Ter Borch [1617-1681], National Gallery, London (England). Click here for Wikipedia article about the Peace of Westphalia. omwich">Castle Bromwich Hall, Castle Bromwich, West Midlands (England). Bridgeman Family Coat of Arms & Lion.

After 1690 - Grave of George Fox, Quaker Gardens, London (England). "In keeping with Quaker beliefs in plainness and modesty, his grave has only a simple marker."

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1840 - Statue of William Wilberforce, North & South Choir, Westmnster Abbey, London (England). William Wilberforce [1759-1833] was a leader of the movement to abolish the slave trade.. Image shows Queen Elizabeth at the statue just before a service in March 2007 marking the 200th anniversary of the abolition of the slave trade. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 83.
1853-1856Crimean War

1865 - Buxton Memorial Fountain, Victoria Tower Gardens, Millbank, Westminster, London (England). "Commemorates the emancipation of slaves in 1834. Erected by Charles Buxton, MP [1823-1871], & dedicated to his father Sir Thomas Foxwell Buxton [1786-1845]. Also to abolitionists William Wilberforce, Thomas Clarkson, Thomas Babington Macaulay, Henry Brougham & Stephen Lushington. Designed by Gothic architect Samuel Sanders Teulon [1812-1873]... Originally in Parliament Square, removed in 1940 & moved to its present position in 1957."

1868 - Statue of Richard Cobden, Camden High Street, London (England). Sculpted by W. & T. Wills. Richard Cobden [1804-1865] was a major peace figure (according to Peter van den Dungen). Upper image is from 1905, lower image is recent. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 350. See other Cobden statue outside St. Ann's Church, Manchester. Date? - Statue of Richard Cobden, outside St. Ann's Church, Manchester (England). Richard Cobden [1804-1865] was a major peace figure. See other Cobden statue in Camden High Street, London.

1870 - Peace Memorial Fountain, Smithfield, London (England). "This statue was put here in 1870 by The Metropolitan Drinking Fountain Association. The bronze figure of Peace is by John Birnie Philip [1824-1875] - more famous for his work on the Albert Memorial. The matching statues of Temperance, Faith, Hope & Charity have long gone."

Circa 1900:
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1879 - Robert Owen Memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery, London (England). Erected by committee under Joseph Corfield [1808-1888]. Robert Owen [1771-1858] developed utopian communities both in New Lanark (Scotland) and New Harmony, Indiana (USA). This is not his grave; he is buried in Newtown, Montgomeryshire (Wales). Oblisk on right:
August 1885 - Reformers Memorial, Kensal Green Cemetery, London (England). Column of light stone inscribed "to the memory of the men and women who have generously given their time and means to improve the conditions and enlarge the happiness of all classes of society." Erected by Joseph William Corfield [1809-1888] of Abney Park, a Unitarian and member the South Place Ethical Society. Displays "the names of 50 well-known reformers. Another 25 were added in 1907 on the instructions of Corfield's daughter Emma." The first two names are Robert Owen [1771-1858] and John Bellers [1654-1725]. "The remaining 72 names include many well known social reformers, Christian Socialists, Co-operators and political activists." "Contested Sites: Commemoration, Memorial and Popular Politics in Nineteenth-Century Britain" (by Paul A. Pickering, Alex Tyrrell et al, May 2004) names 46 of the reformers.
1881-1899Anglo-Sudan War or Mahdist War

1908 - Grave of Randal Cremer, Hampstead Cemetery (plot H9/40), London (England). Randal Cremer [1828-1908] received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903. He died at his home, 11 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London. Click here for an article about this grave.

1910 - Garden of Peace, Hammersmith Park, Shepherd's Bush, London (England). Created for the Japan-British Exposition. Being restored for its centennial in 2010.

1912 - "Angel of Peace Descending on the Chariot of War," Quadriga, Wellington Arch, Hyde Park Corder, London (England). "By Adrian Jones [1845-1938]. The face of the charioteer leading the quadriga is that of a small boy (actually the son of Lord Michelham, the man who funded the sculpture). The largest bronze sculpture in Europe." Replaced Matthew Cotes Wyatt's gigantic equestrian statue of Wellington that was taken down and not replaced when the arch moved from its first location opposite Apsley House to Hyde Park Corner in 1882-83.

1913 - Les Bourgeois de Calais / The Burghers of Calais, Victoria Gardens, Parliament, London (England). Bronze casting of a sculpture made by Auguste Rodin [1840-1917] in 1884-86 and installed in Calais (France) in 1895. Depicts six leading citizens who offered their lives in 1347 to King Edward III of England as ransom for the protection of other townsfolk. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 87.
1914-1918The Great War or World War I

1915 - Statue of Florence Nightengale, Waterloo Place, London (England). Sculpted by Arthur George Walker. Florence Nightingale [1820-1910), who came to be known as 'The Lady with the Lamp,' was a pioneering nurse, writer and noted statistician. Note lamp in the statue's right hand. Next to Statue of Sidney Herbert [1810-1861] and in front of The Guards Monument. All three are related to the Crimean War. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 104.

1920 - Imperial War Museum, Lambeth Road, Southwark, London (England). Covers all aspects of war, including the anti-war movement. Affiliated with the International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP).

1920 - Edith Cavell Memorial, opposite National Portrait Gallery, Trafalgar Square, St. Martin's Place, London SW1 (England). Sculpted by Geore Frampton. Originally inscribed "Humanity," "Edith Cavell Brussels Dawn October 12 1915" and "For King and Country." Inscription added in 1924: "Patriotism is not enough. I must have no hatred or bitterness for anyone." One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 13.

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L 1920 - Memorial to W. T. Stead, River Parapet, Victoria Embankment, London (England). Sculpted by Sir George Frampton [1860-1928]. William Thomas Stead [1849-1912] was "the first truly modern journalist." According to Peter van den Dungen, Stead was an important figure at the 1899 and 1907 Hague peace conferences, and he died on the Titanic en route to a peace conference in the USA. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 123. Duplicate monument at Central Park, New York City (qv). P
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E Date? - Plaque, Manse, Embleton, Northumberland (England). Text of plaque: "William Thomas Stead, 1849-1912, world renowned journalist and apostle of peace, was born here, July 5th 1849." Information & image courtesy of Colin Archer, general secretary, International Peace Bureau (IPB), Geneva (Switzerland).

1920 - Statue of Abraham Lincoln, Parliament Square, London (England). By Irish-Americn sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens [1848-1907]. Copy of statue (qv) in Chicago, Illinois (USA). One of 309 London monu- ments in Kershman (2007), page 65. 1887 - "Standing Lincoln" Statue, Lincoln Park, Chicago, Illinois (USA). By Irish-American sculptor August Saint-Gaudens [1848-1907]. A favorite of Hull House founder [& Nobel Peace Prize laureate] Jane Addams [1860-1935] who once wrote, "I walked the wearisome way from Hull-House to Lincoln Park ... in order to look at and gain magnanimous counsel from the statue."

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T 1924 - Figure of "Peace," Uxbridge War Memorial, Lynth Green, Uxbridge, London (England). "I thought we had quite enough memorials that seemed to revive the war spirit rather than to consider peace, which is, after all, the aim and end of every great struggle." -- Sculptor Adrian Jones [1845-1938] in his autobiography "Memoirs of a Soldier Artist."

October 20, 1927 - La Délivrance / Delivrance, Henly's Corner, Finchley, London (England). 16-foot statue in bronze of a naked woman holding a sword aloft. Erected by Harold Sidney Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Rothermere [1868-1940]. Unveiled by Prime Minister Lloyd George. Has a number of local names including 'Dirty Gertie' and 'The Naked Lady.' Copy of a statue created by Emile Guillaume to celebrate the First Battle of the Marne when the German army was stopped from capturing Paris in August 1914. Original (qv) was unveiled in Lille (France) in 1919 but moved to Nantes in 1929.

March 6, 1930 - Statue of Emmeline Pankhurst, Victoria Tower Gardens, London (England). Emmiline Pankhurst [1858-1928] was a political activist & leader of the Women's Social & Political Union (WSPU) which helped women win the right to vote [in 1918 & 1928]. "Shortly after her funeral, one of Pankhurst's bodyguards from her WSPU days, Katherine Marshall, began raising funds for a memorial statue. In spring 1930 her efforts bore fruit, and on 6 March her statue in Victoria Tower Gardens was unveiled. A crowd of radicals, former suffragettes & national dignitaries gathered as former Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin [1867-1947] presented the memorial to the public... As noted by the New York Times: 'While the transition from martyrdom to sculptured memorials is familiar, the process in Mrs Pankhurst's case has been unusually brief.'"

1930 - Bust of Abraham Lincoln, Shopping Complex, Royal Exchange, London (England). Sculpted by Irish-American sculptor Andrew O'Connor [1874-1941]. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 210. 1918 - Statue of Abraham Lincoln, State Capitol (2nd Street side), Springfield, Illinois (USA). Sculpted by Irish-American sculptor Andrew O'Connor [1874-1941]. Depicts Lincoln on February 11, 1861, as he boarded a train for Washington, DC. Behind the statue the entire text of Lincoln's Farewell Address is carved on the huge granite slab.

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L June 21, 1936 - "Anti-Air War Memorial," NW of Mornington Road & the High Road, Woodford Green, Essex, near London (England). Bottom image. Sculpted by Eric Benfield in the shape of a bomb for suffrigist (and onetime communist) Sylvia Pankhurst [1882-1960]. Rededicated on July 4, 1936, after being vandalized. "In October 1935, Pankhurst was outraged by Mussolini's assault on Ethiopia, the only part of Africa that remained independent and had joined the League of Nations. Unveiled that same month by a group that included Pankhurst and [Tesfaye] Zaphiro, the secretary of the Imperial Ethiopian Legation, the monument stood prominently outside Red Cottage [which Pankhurst shared with Italian anarchist Silvio Corio] along with a plaque dedicating it ironically to politicians who, at the World Disarmament Conference [which] opened in Geneva in February 1932, 'upheld the right to use bombing planes.'" One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). See similar monument at Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida (USA)
1939-1945World War II

October 26, 1945 - Housmans Bookshop, Peace House, 5 Caledonian Road, Kings Cross, London (England). "London's premier radical bookshop." "Founded by the Peace Pledge Union (PPU) in the optimistic aftermath of WW-II to promote peace literature along with related issues of human rights, justice & the environment. Named in honour of pacifist writer & dramatist Laurence Housman [1865-1959] who formally opened its first premises in Shaftesbury Avenue." Has published Housmans Peace Diary (& World Peace Directory) since it was started by general manager Harry Mister [1914-2006] in 1953.

Date? - Plaque for First Meeting of the UN General Assembly, Methodist Central Hall, Westminster, London (England). The UNGA met here January 10-February 14, 1946. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998).
August 14 & 15, 1947Independence of Pakistan & India

1950's - Peace Window, Canterbury Cathedral, England (UK). Designed by Hungarian refugee Ervin Bossany.

February 21, 1958 - Peace Symbol, Trafalgar Square, London (England). Designed by Gerald Holtom [1914-1985] who combined semaphore signals for "N" and "D" (Nuclear Disarmament). Used by the Direct Action Committee Against Nuclear War (DAC) during its April 4 march to Aldermaston. Adopted as its badge by the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in Britain. Now used worldwide. Click here for Wikipedia article.

1958 - Statue of Florence Nightingale, Central Hall, St. Thomas's Hospital, Lambeth Place Road, London (England). Sculpted by Frederick Mancini. Replacement erected on the North Wing Terrace in 1975, moved inside in 2000. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 165. NB: Two images are different. Which is correct? Where is the other?

January 3, 1959 - Conscientious Objectors Memorial Plaque, Peace Pledge Union (PPU), 1 Peace Passage, London (England). Names 70 of the 81 British CO's known to have died during World War I. Depicts a man striking a sword on an anvil. Carved by Canadian artist Dorothy Stevens [1888-1966] in 1923. (Click here to see her "Munitions Fuze Factory, 1919.") First erected in Berlin (Germany) at the headquarters of the Bund der Kriegsdienstgegner, the German section of the War Resisters International (WRI),. Taken to south Denmark in 1933. Hidden in Sweden in 1940. Now on permanent loan to the PPU, principal British section of the WRI. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website.

August 6, 1967 - Hiroshima Tree, Tavistock Square, London (England). Cherry tree. Plaque: "Planted in memory of the victins of HIROSHIMA by the worshipful major of Camden councillor Mrs. Millie Miller JP." "On each anniversary, meetings are held to remember the victims of both atomic bombs dropped on Japan. In 1986 to mark the UN International Year of Peace, a field maple was planted by the League of Jewish Women." One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 248.

1968 - Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Tavistock Square, London (England). Sculpted by Fredda Brillant. Unveiled by PM Harold Wilson. The square also contains a conscientious objectors monument and a Hiroshima cherry tree (qv). One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 247. Click here for other Gandhi monuments outside India.

Date? - "The Lion & Lamb" Public House (Pub), Hoxton N1, London (England).

1970 - Suffragette Memorial, Christchurch Gardens, London (England). Opposite New Scotland Yard in Victoria Street, St. James. /// Unveiled by former campaigner & hunger-striker Lillian Lenton [1891-1972]. Inscription: "This tribute is erected by the Suffragette Fellowship to commemorate the courage and perseverance of all those men and woman who in the long struggle for votes for women selflessly braved dersion, opposition and ostracism, many enduring violence and suffering. (Nearby Caxton Hall was historically associated with women’s suffrage meeetings & deputations to Parliament.)" A bronzed glass fibre sculpture designed by Edwin Russell to resemble an uncurling scroll. The Suffragette Fellowship was founded in 1926 to commemorate the suffrage movement of the early 20th century. Caxton Hall is a now-listed building which opened as the Westminster Town Hall in 1883.

1971 - Prisoners of War & Concentration Camp Victims, Gladstone Park, London (England). Five figures sculpted by Fred Kormis who said, "They are a five-chapter novel, each chapter describing a successive state of mind of internment: stupor after going into captivity; longing for freedom; fighting against gloom; hope lost; and hope again." Vandalized on Christmas Eve 2003. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website

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T 1975 - "M.V. Erasmus," Thames River, London (England). "Welcome aboard the newest vessel in our fleet. Built in Germany to a high specification, this modern vessel plied her trade in Holland for four years before entering service on the Thames [in 2002]. A light, airy and spacious boat on three levels, she offers superb views of the attractions and skyline of London. With a total capacity of 340, she is one of the largest boats on the Thames."

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C November 7, 1977 - Reformers Tree Memorial, North Section, Hyde Park, London (England). "Commemorate the Reformers Tree which was burnt down during the Reform League riots in 1866, after which the remaining stump became a notice board for political demonstration and a gathering point for Reform League meetings. On 7 November 1977 Prime Minister James Callaghan planted a new oak tree on the spot where the Reformers Tree was thought to have stood."

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A 1980 - Milton Keynes Peace Pagoda, Willen Lake, Milton Keynes (England). Nipponzan Myohoji Buddhist Order. "This is the first Peace Pagoda in the western world." There is a Nipponzan Myohoji monastery nearby. Click here for many other Nipponzan Myohoji peace pagodas in all parts of the world.

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T 1980 - Bust of Bertrand Russell, Red Lion Square, London WC1 (England). Sculpted by Marcelle Quinton. Bertrand Russell [1872-1970] received the 1950 Nobel Prize for Literature. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 196. P
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E 2002 - Blue Plaque for Bertrand Russell, 34 Russell Chambers, Bury Place, London WC1 (England). Russell lived here in flat no.34, 1911-1916.
April-June 1982Falklands War

March 2, 1985 - Kingsley Hall Community Centre & Peace Garden, Powis Road, Tower Hamlets, London E3 (England). In 1931 Mahatma Gandhi [1869-1948] stayed here during the Round Table Conference in 1931. Named a Grade II listed building in Sept. 1973. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). Click here for Wikipedia article. 1954 - Blue Plaque for Mahatma Gandhi, Kingsley Hall, London (England).

1985 - London Peace Pagoda, Battersea Park, London (England). Gift to London from the Japanese Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji. Click here for many other Nipponzan Myohoji peace pagodas in all parts of the world. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998).

1985 - Statue of Fenner Brockway, Red Lion Square, London (England). Sculpted by Ian Walters. Baron Brockway [1888-1099] was a British anti-war activist and politician. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 197.

1985 - Bust of Nelson Mandela, Riverside Walk, London (England). Sculpted by Ian Walters. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 158. In fact, this head is on the cover of Kershman's guidebook.

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L October 1985 - Hackney Peace Carnival Mural, Dalston, London (England). "Based on the 1981 Hackney Peace Carnival." "Intended to provide [an uplifting mood] when it was planned in 1983. These were the heady, intensely political days of the early 1980's: Thatcher was stamping her mark as prime minister, the world was often a frightening place due to the 'Cold War,' and there had been riots in Brixton, Toxteth, Handsworth and even Dalston in 1981. But the mural was not just a response to the riots; its references are wider than that. It reflects the numerous interests, political forces and pressure groups of those times... Uncle Sam is also in evidence, walking along on stilts in the background, along with other symbols such as a dove and the figure of hooded death. A coal miner is there as part of the band, a British Rail worker is there, Ghandi is there, and Mandela is there. And the familiar slogans are there too: 'Unite for Peace;' 'Jobs not Bombs;' 'No More Hiroshimas'..."

1986 - Blue Plaque for Mahatma Gandhi, 20 Baron's Court Road, Hammersmith & Fulham, London W14 (England). Mahatma Gandhi (1869-1948) lived here as a law student in the 1880's.

October 24, 1987 - London Peace Garden, London (England). Dedicated on United Nations Day.

Date? - Statue of Florence Nightingale, Derbyshire Royal Infirmary Hospital (DRI), London Road, Derby. Derbyshire (England). "This statue has had its hand with lamp knocked off on a regular occasion, but in 2006 her head was removed."

December 9, 1987 - Florence Nightengale Museum, Florence Nightingale Museum Trust, Gassiot House, 2 Lambeth Palace Road, London (England). One of only 4 "musuems for peace" in the UK (vs. about 70 in the USA).

June 29, 1989 - Bust of Sir William Randal Cremer, Members' Lobby, Parliament, London (England). Unveiled by Mr. Speaker in the centenary year of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU), an organisation founded by the UK and French Parliaments. Randal Cremer [1828-1908] co-founded the IPU and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1903.
November 9, 1989Berlin Wall Falls; End of the Cold War

May 15, 1994 - Peace Stone, Tavistock Square, London (England). Solid rock of grey Cumbrian slate. Next to Gandhi statue (qv). Dedicated on Conscientious Objectors Day. Plaque: "To all those who have established and are maintaining the right to refuse to kill." "Only pacifist memorial in London." One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 249.

1995 - "The Allies", Bond Street, London (England). Statues of Franklin Delano Roosevelt & Winston Churchill. Sculpted by Lawrence Holofcener. Commorates 50 years of peace in Europe. Omits Joseph Stalin. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 258.

October 11, 1996 - Memorial to Innocent Victims of Oppression, Violence and War, Courtyard, Westminster Abbey, London (England). Said to embody suffering on a scale before which ‘language stumbles and falls silent in the face of the horror and pity’, according to the Dean of Westminster, Michael Mayne, in his speech of dedication. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998).

1998 - Statue of Raoul Wallenberg, Great Cumberland Place, London (England). Sculpted by Philip Jackson. Raoul Wallenberg [1912-1947?] was a Swedish humanitarian who worked in Budapest (Hungary) during World War II to rescue Jews from the Holocaust. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 254.

July 9, 1998 - Ten Martyrs of the 20th Century, Great West Door, Westminister Abbey, London (England). Image shows Mother Elizabeth of Russia, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr., Archbishop Oscar Romero and Pastor Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998).

1998 - A Peace Trail Through London, London (England). "Discover some of the people and visit [nine] places associated with national and international peacemaking." Leaflet 40p + SAE from 11 Venetia Road, London N4 1EJ. Compiled by Valerie Flessati.

May 13, 1999 - Samten Kyil / Tibetan Peace Garden, Tibet Foundation, Geraldine Mary Harmsworth Park, London (England). Next to the Imperial War Museum. Opened & consecrated by His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Contains a "Language Pillar" ("replica of a 9th century treaty stone in Lhasa acknowledging the rights of Tibetans and Chinese to co-exist in peace") and sculptures by Hamish Horsley of New Zealand.

1999 - Bust of Anne Frank, Courtyard, British Library, London (England). Sculpted by Doreen Kern. Marks 70th anniversary of Frank's birth. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 349.

2002 - Gardens of Peace Muslim Cemetery, Elmbridge Road, Hainault (England). "Truly! To Allah we belong and truly, to Him we shall return.” (Sura 2: 156).

September 11, 2002 - "Bell of Hope," Trinity Church, 79 Broadway (at Wall Street), New York City, New York (USA). Inscribed, "To the greater glory of God and in recognition of the enduring links between the City of London and the City of New York." Cast July 26, 2002, by Whitechapel Bell Foundry in London which cast the Liberty Bell in 1752. Weighs 294.84 kilograms. Date? - Women's Peace Mural, Pentonville Road, London N1 (England). "The design shows aspects of women, peace and Greenham Common in a format reminiscent of medieval paintings. The backward looking Sankofa Bird reminds people not to be afraid to rectify past mistakes."

2003 - St. Ethelburga's Centre for Reconciliation & Peace, 78 Bishopsgate, London (England). "Christian-led, independent charity. Aims to encourage and enable people to practise reconciliation and peace-making in their communities and lives." Former Church of England "built around 1180. The present building was probably founded around 1400. Was the biggest building in Bishopsgate - now it's the smallest... Devastated by a massive IRA bomb on April 24, 1993. Rebuilt in a new form, reinstating its medieval exterior."
Summer 2004 - "Peace Machine" Mural, Peace Pledge Union (PPU), 1 Peace Passage, London (England). Drawn by children from two primary schools. Depicts a "peace machine" which transforms weapons and soldiers into tools and people for peace. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website.

October 30, 2004 - Mordechai Vanunu House, headquarters of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND), 162 Holloway Road, Islington, London (England). Named for Mordechai Vanunu, the Israeli nuclear technician who revealed the Israel's nuclear weapons program to the British press in 1986.

October 12, 2006 - Bali Memorial, Clive Steps (opposite St. James's Park), London (England). A 5-foot marble globe with 202 doves csrved onto its surface (one dove for each victim). Sculpted by Gerry Breeze & Martin Cook. Dedicated by Prince of Wales & the Duchess of Cornwall on the 4th anniversary of the nightclub bombings in Bali (Indonesia). One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 53.

August 29, 2007 - Bust of Nelson Mandela, Parliament Square, London (England). Stands alongside images of Winston Churchill, Benjamin Disraeli & Abraham Lincoln. At unveiling, Mayor of London Ken Livingstone said, "Long after we are forgotten, you will be remembered for having taught the world one amazing truth: That you can achieve justice without vengeance."

July 7, 2009 - 7/7 Memorial, Hyde Park, London (England). A £1m memorial to the 52 people killed in the bombings in London on July 7, 2005. Consists of 52 stainless steel 3-meter pillars, one for each victim. These are grouped in four clusters, to mark the four locations of the attacks: Tavistock Square, Edgware Road, King's Cross and Aldgate. There is also a 1.4 tonne stainless steel plaque with the names of all those who were killed. At the dedication the Prince of Wales said: "The creation of a monument or memorial fulfils … a deeper need, for each one offers a path to peace and healing, each one honours the dead and each reminds us to live our lives in a way that would make them proud."

August 22, 2011 - "Votes for Women!," Mile End Park, close to Meath Bridge, near Bow Borough of Tower Hamlets, London (England). One of three steel statues depicting Tottenham Hotspur & England footballer Ledley King, suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst [1882-1960] & a towpath horse. "Suffagettes fought for voting rights for British Women, and were very active in nearby Bow. The vote was extended to British Women over the age of 30 in 1918 & to all women of voting age (then 21, now 18) in 1928."

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