Peace Monuments in New York City & New York State (USA)

Click here for peace monuments at the United Nations in New York City.
Click here for website showing sculptures in New York City.
Click here for another website showing sculptures in New York City (Gino & Leslie).

N.B. This web page has three parts: (1) New York City, (2) Rochester, and (3) Remainder of New York State.

(1) New York City

Right click image to enlarge.

1694 - Old Quaker Meeting House, 137-16 Northern Boulevard , Flushing, Queens, New York City, New York (USA). "Remains today much as when it was first built, with dark, warm floorboards, simple benches and hand-hewn timber ceiling beams. By all known accounts, the oldest house of worship in New York State and the second oldest Quaker meeting house in the nation." [Where is the oldest?]

1895 - "Peace, Truth, Honesty, Fortitude, Self-Denial, Fidelity," original American Surety Building, 100 Broadway, just north of Wall Street, New York City, New York (USA). By John Massey Rhind. On second-floor level. Ground floor is presently occupied by Borders Books.

T O M B

April 27, 1897 - Grant's Tomb, Morningside Heights , New York City, New York (USA). "The largest mausoleum in North America. The bodies of Ulysses S. Grant [1822-1885], the Union Civil War General & 18th President of the U.S., and his wife Julia Dent Grant are entombed there. The phrase 'Let us have peace' greets visitors at the entrance of the mausoleum. It is taken from Grant’s words in his 1885 memoirs. Inside, there’s a mural of the two generals [Lee & Grant] shaking hands."

May 30, 1901 - Hall of Fame for Great Americans, Bronx Community College, The Bronx, New York City, New York (USA). "An outdoor sculpture gallery. completed in 1900 as part of the University Heights campus of New York University, the 630-foot (192 m) stone colonnade half-encircles the university library & houses 98 bronze portrait busts [added every few years until 1976]. Designed by architect Stanford White [1853-1906] (who also designed the library), the Beaux Arts structure was donated by Helen Gould [1868-1938], and was formally dedicated on May 30, 1901. New York University vacated the campus in 1973, the same year that Bronx Community College took possession. Though the Hall's renown has itself faded, its architecture remains, & it stands as a secular national shrine not just to great men & woman, but to Roman ideals of fame favored at the beginning of the 20th century." /// Among the 98 busts are those of peacemakers Abraham Lincoln, Horace Mann, Henry Ward Beecher, Mary Lyon, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Susan B. Anthony, Henry David Thoreau, Jane Addams, Clara Barton & Andrew Carnegie.

May 30, 1903 - "Goddess of Victory" (statue of William Tecumseh Sherman), Central Park, New York City, New York (USA). "At the statue, which is mounted on an 11-foot-high pedestal, David McCullough exclaims, 'Isn't it great! Look at that face! It's the face of a madman! Grim and pockmarked...the very image of the horrors of war!' Sherman, celebrated & reviled for his brutal 1864 march from Atlanta to the sea, is famous for saying 'War is hell.' McCullough likes to recite the lesser known part of Sherman's speech: 'I am tired and sick of war. Its glory is all moonshine.' McCullough lingers on the word moonshine. 'And look, there's the (horse's upraised) foot that gave [sculptor] Augustus Saint-Gaudens [1848-1907] so much trouble.' But what McCullough likes best about the statue is the figure in front of Sherman, a barefooted, winged goddess of Victory. She clutches a palm branch in her left hand and reaches out with her right hand, as if leading the way for Sherman. 'She makes it great,' McCullough says, noting the contrast between war-weary Sherman & Victory's youth and beauty. 'But there is no joy, no gleam of triumph or glory in her expression. Her eyes are wide, her mouth open, as if she was under a spell.' McCullough adds, 'She was African American (a 24-year-old model from South Carolina named Hettie Anderson). No one knows that!'"

October 12, 1907 - George Fox Stone, opposite old Browne homestead, Bowne Avenue, Flushing, Queens Borough, New York City, New York (USA). "A large granite monument...was dedicated yesterday to the memory of George Fox [1624-1691], the noted Quaker preacher. Members of the Flushing Historical Society and many Friends were present. The stone bears this inscription: 'Here stood the Fox Oaks, beneath whose branches George Fox, founder of the Society of Friends, preached, June 7, 1672.'" Click here for a description of the historic neighborhood around the stone.

May 30, 1913 - USS Maine National Monument Central Park, New York City, New York (USA). "A sculpture group of gilded bronze figures atop the pylon represent Columbia Triumphant, her seashell chariot being drawn by three hippocampi. The bronze for this group reportedly came from metal recovered from the guns of the Maine [in Havana harbor]." By Italian-American sculptor Attilio Piccirilli [1866-1945]. His model was "America's first supermodel" Audrey Munson [1891-1996] whose classic beauty attracted numerous sculptors & artists during the 1910's (15 statues in NY City alone), then spent 65 years in an upstate mental institution. See her biography "She inspired monuments and died in obscurity" by James Bone.

February 1914 - Church Peace Union (CPU), Merrill House 170 East 64th Street, New York City, New York (USA). "The CCEIA was founded in New York City in 1914, when Andrew Carnegie [1835-1919] assembled a group of leaders in religion, academia and politics and appointed them trustees of an organization named the Church Peace Union (CPU). Through the CPU, Carnegie hoped to mobilize the world's churches, religious organizations and other spiritual and moral resources to join in promoting moral leadership and finding alternatives to armed conflict. William P. Merrill [1867-1954], pastor of New York's Brick [Presbyterian] Church, became the first president of the CPU. The timing of its founding was significant. On the very eve of World War I, Carnegie sought to make war obsolete for all time. For its inaugural international event, the CPU sponsored a conference to be held on August 1, 1914, [at Lindau] on the shores of Lake Constance in southern Germany. As the delegates made their way to the conference by train, Germany was invading Belgium... In 1961, the CPU was renamed Council on Religion & International Affairs (CRIA)... In 2005, the Council changed its name to Carnegie Council for Ethics in International Affairs (CCEIA)."

M E M O R I A L

1915 - Memorial to W. T. Stead, Central Park (one block north of Engineers' Gate), New York City, New York (USA). Sculpted by Sir George Frampton [1860-1928]. William Thomas Stead [1849-1912] was "the first truly modern journalist." According to Peter van den Dungen, Stead was an important figure at the 1899 & 1907 Hague peace conferences, and he died on the Titanic en route to a peace conference in the USA. Click here for a 1907 New York Times article about Stead. An identical plaque with a different inscription is on Victoria Embankment, London (qv).

M E M O R I A L

1913 - Memorial to W. T. Stead, River Parapet, Victoria Embankment, London (England). Sculpted by Sir George Frampton [1860-1928]. William Thomas Stead [1849-1912] was "the first truly modern journalist." Stead was an important figure at the 1899 & 1907 Hague peace conferences, and he died on the Titanic en route to a peace conference in the USA. One of 309 London monuments in Kershman (2007), page 123. An identical plaque with a different inscription is in Central Park, New York City (qv).

P L A Q U E

Date? - Plaque, Embleton, Northumberland (England). Text of plaque: "William Thomas Stead, 1849-1912, world renowned journalist and apostle of peace, was born here, July 5th 1849." Information & image courtesy of Colin Archer, general secretary, International Peace Bureau (IPB), Geneva (Switzerland).

December 6, 1915 - Statue of Joan of Arc, Joan of Arc Park, Riverside Drive at 93nd Street, New York City, New York (USA). "The Maid of Orleans is standing in her stirrups, sword raised as if to cut away some of the summer boughs that nearly hide her from view. She is in armor and pointed west, as though the English had taken up positions across the river in New Jersey... This is the first statue of a woman -- not a female abstraction -- erected in New York, and the first by a female sculptor, Anna Vaughn Hyatt [1876-1973]... Behind nearly every speech [at the dedication] was the thought of the European war. The statue was raised -- a little late -- to commemorate the 500th anniversary of Joan’s birth in January 1412. The 600th anniversary, in a barely more peaceful world, is just around the corner. We wonder what celebrations are in store." [from a New York Times editorial, 25Aug10] Copies in Gloucester, MA, & Blois (France)?

1918 - " Washington in Peace," Washington Square Arch, Greenwich Village, New York City, New York (USA). Accompanied by "Wisdom and Justice." /// "On the west pier of Stanford White's Washington Square Arch is Alexander Stirling Calder's Washington in Peace. Alexander Stirling Calder [1870-1945] was the father of the noted artist Alexander Calder [1898-1976]."

1921 - "Victory With Peace" Statue, Freedom Square, Bushwick, Myrtle & Willoughby Avenues, Bushwick, Brooklyn, New York City, New York (USA). Square named in 1919. Monument depicts Nike, the Greek Goddess of Victory, leaning forward with an olive branch, the symbol of peace. Memorializes Brooklyn’s losses during World War I. Sculpted by Pietro Montana [1890-1978]. The face of Nike was modeled after Claudia Deloney, a Hollywood actress and friend of film star Gloria Swanson [1899-1983].

1923 - Theodore Roosevelt Birthplace National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 28 East 20th Street (between Park Avenue South & Broadway), New York City, New York (USA). Demolished in 1916. Rebuilt in 1919 by the Women's Roosevelt Memorial Association. Rededicated in 1923 and subsequently refurbished with many furnishings from the original house by the President's widow, Edith, and his two sisters. Theodore Roosevelt [1858-1919] was US President 1901-1909 and received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize.

March 24, 1924 - First Roerich Museum, 310 Riverside Drive, New York City, New York (USA). "At the time, the only museum in America dedicated to the work of a single artist. Soon afterwards, this mansion was demolished, and in its place in 1929 was built a 29-storey skyscraper, called Master Building (see below)."

1927 - Peace & Victory Monument, Crandall Park on upper Glen Street, Queensbury, New York (USA). "A bronze figure sculpted by Bruce Wilder Scoville in New York City is a tribute to the men from the Town of Queensbury and the City of Glens Falls who gave their lives from the Civil War to the Korean War. Names have been added over time."

October 1929 - Roerich "Skyscraper-Museum," Master Building, Riverside Drive, New York City, New York (USA). "On the first three floors were situated all the Roerich Institutions, including the Museum, and on all the other floors were apartments for rent to students, teachers, and anyone who wanted to be part of a cultural community." Designed by Harvey Wiley Corbett [1873-1954], the skyscraper "is uniquely graduated in tone from deep purple at the base to white at the top, symbolizes 'growth,' houses more than 1,000 of Prof. Roerich's exotic paintings, is dedicated to international culture, world peace." Click here for a colorful account of the museum's official opening in Time Magazine. Click here for more information. Museum ended in 1938 (click here for more information). N.B. In 1921, Corbett designed the Peace Arch (qv) between British Columbia (Canada) & Washington state (USA).

1939 - "Four Victories of Peace" Statue, Court of Power, 1939-1940 New York World's Fair, New York City, New York (USA). Designed by by John Gregory [1879-1958]. Depicted four female figures representing Wheels, Wings, Wheat & Wisdom. Note Perisphere & Trylon and Helicline in background of the images. What became of this statue?

1948 - Peace Monument, Potter's Field, Hart Island, East River, Bronx, New York City, New York (USA). "The inmates on the island who spent long hours digging grave petitioned for permission to build a monument for those interred on the island. With permission granted, both prisoners and staff cooperated to create a thirty-foot memorial in 1948.The Hart Island memorial monument some decades ago. The word "peace" is inscribed on one side and a simple cross on the other."

1949 - Nicholas Roerich Museum, 319 West 107th Street (Upper West Side), New York City, New York (USA). Occupies house built in 1898. Click here for a good description of the museum (and its predecessor) written by a visiting Russian.

September 11, 1955 - Statue of Shinran Shonin, 331 Riverside Drive, New York City, New York (USA). Shinran [1173-1263] is founder of the Jodo Shinshu (Pure Land) school of Buddhism. This statue was in Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Presented to the USA by Seiichi Hirose of Takarazuka, Hyogo Prefecture, Japan, as "a testimonial to the atomic bomb devastation and a symbol of lasting hope for world peace."

"Broken Obelisk:" Four identical monuments by Barnett Newman [1905-1970]. Each is 6,000 pounds of Corten steel more than 25 feet high -- a pyramid topped by a reversed obelisk ascending yet torn, or 'broken,' at its top, obviously some kind of symbolic object roughly resembling traditional monuments of combined pyramid and obelisk. Newman himself described the sculpture in terms conventional to his art: 'It is concerned with life, and I hope I have transformed its tragic content into a glimpse of the sublime.'"

1963 - Broken Obelisk, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), 11 West 53rd Street, New York City, New York (USA). A sculpture by Barnett Newman. Four versions of it exist.

1963 - Broken Obelisk, Central Plaza (Red Square), near Suzallo Library, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (USA).

February 27, 1971 - Broken Obelisk, Rothko Chapel, Houston, Texas (USA). First exhibited in front of the Seagram Building in New York City, and then the Corcoran Gallery of Art in Washington, DC. In 1969, Houson city officials said they would reject this as a public memorial to Martin Luther King Jr. [1929-1968]. Dominique & John de Menil proposed that it be placed in front of City Hall with the words "Forgive Them, for They Know Not What They Do" before erecting it permanently at the Rothko Chapel.

2003 - Broken Obelisk, Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin (Germany). A fourth was cast in 2003 by permission of the Barnett Newman Foundation and temporarily installed in front of the Neue Nationalgalerie.

1964 - "Freedom of the Human Spirit," New York World's Fair, Flusing Meadow, Queens New York City, New York (USA). By Marshall W. Fredericks [1908-1998]. Moved in 1996 to the main entrance of the Arthur Ashe Stadium, National Tennis Center (NTC), also in Flushing (right image). The artist made a second casting of the 28-foot tall sculpture in 1986, and it was installed in his hometown, Birmingham, Michigan (left image).

1969 - "The Sphere" (World Peace Monument), Battery Park, New York City, New York (USA). Designed by Fritz Koenig of Germany. Commissioned by Port Authority of New York & New Jersey to symbolize world peace through world trade. Stood in the plaza between the two World Trade Center (WTC) towers. Damaged on September 11, 2001. Left unrepaired & moved to Battery Park as a memorial to victims of 9/11. September 11, 2002, "Mayor Michael Bloomberg joined Afghan President Hamid Karzai & officials from about 90 foreign nations at its base to light an eternal flame. Nearly a decade later, the flame could possibly be snuffed out, and there is no permanent plan for the 25-foot-high structure made of bronze & steel. Officials said [in early April 2012] that it will be removed by the end of the month to make way for renovations to Battery Park. Some family members of those killed have gathered thousands of signatures in an online petition urging officials to incorporate the sculpture into the 9/11 memorial & return it to the spot where it once stood as a centerpiece of a 5-acre plaza."

G R A V E

1971? - Grave of Ralph Bunche, Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx, New York City (USA). Ralph Bunche [1903-1971] was acting UN mediator on Palestine. After eleven months of virtually ceaseless negotiating, he obtained signatures on armistice agreements between Israel & the Arab States. Bunche returned home to a hero's welcome. New York City gave him a 'ticker tape' parade up Broadway; Los Angeles declared a 'Ralph Bunche Day." He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950 & died December 10, 1971, at age 68. Only inscription on headstone is "BUNCHE" & two olive branches.

1975 - Isaiah Wall, Ralph Bunch Park, East 43rd Street & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Quotes Isaiah 2:4: "They shall beat their swords into plowshares." Shadow in image is cast by adjacent "Peace Form One." Entry #718 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

G R O V E

July 8, 1976 - Jerusalem Grove, Battery Park, New York City, New York (USA). "Grove of 11 Blue Atlas Cedars (Cedrus atlantica 'Glauca') with inscribed horizontal marker. A gift from the City of Jersualem" (Israel). A US bicentennial project?

M U S E U M

1977 - Anne Frank Center USA, 38 Crosby Street (5th floor), New York City, New York (USA). "A not-for-profit organization that promotes the universal message of tolerance by developing & disseminating a variety of educational programs, including exhibitions, workshops & special events." /// "A partner organization of the Anne Frank House in Amsterdam. Uses the diary and spirit of Anne Frank [1929-1945] as unique tools to advance her legacy [including] the North American Traveling Exhibition Program, the Exhibition and Education Center in New York City, the annual Spirit of Anne Frank Awards..." See Video & Website. See other Anne Frank organizaitons in Basel, Berlin, London & Verein (Austria).

B O O K

Apsel, Joyce A. (2005), "After Seventy Years: Anne Frank (1929-1945)," Anne Frank Center USA, SoHo, New York City (USA).

1978 - Peace Pentagon (Muste Building), A.J. Muste Memorial Institute, 339 Lafayette Street, New York City, New York (USA). Organized in 1974 to carry forward the commitment of A. J. Muste [1885-1967] to nonviolent radical change, the institute bought the "Peace Pentagon" office building in 1978 to provide a stable and affordable base for itself and other activist groups in New York City. Now in need of major repairs and in danger of being sold. Click here for "Save the Peace Pentagon."

1980 - "Peace Form One", Ralph Bunch Park, East 43rd Stret & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Stainless-steel obelisk 50 feet (15 meters) high, honoring Ralph Bunche [1903-1971]. Adjacent to the Isaiah Wall. The sculptor, Daniel Larue Johnson, was a personal friend of Bunche, and dedicated the sculpture to Bunche, who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.Entry #731 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

March 21, 1984 - John Lennon Memorial, Strawberry Fields, Central Park, New York City, New York (USA). Reproduction of a mosaic from Pompeii. Gift from the city of Naples (Italy). Dedicated by Yoko Ono on what would have been Lennon's 45th birthday. Entrance on Central Park West at West 72nd Street, directly across from the Dakota Apartments, where Lennon lived for the latter part of his life and where he was murdered.

February 27, 1985 - "Offering of the Sacred Pipe," US Mission to the United Nations, New York City, New York (USA). Monumental bronze by Native American artist Allan Houser [1914-1994]. "Has become a worldwide symbol of peace." Duplicate of statues in Scottsdale, Arizona, & Albuquerque, New Mexico (qv).

1985 - Peace Fountain, Cathedral of Saint John the Divine, Morningside Heights, New York City, New York (USA). By Greg Wyatt, sculptor-in-residence at the Cathedral. "The sculpture depicts the struggle of good and evil, as well as a battle between the Archangel Michael and Satan. The sculpture also contains the Sun, the Moon, and several animals. Although it is called a fountain, there is currently no water on the site." Entry #732 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1986 - Statue of Mahatma Gandhi, Union Square Park, 14th Street at Broadway, New York City, New York (USA). Entry #701 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1986 - Peace Table #1 for USA, Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York City, New York (USA). By mastercraftsman George Nakashima [1905-1990] of New Hope, Pennsylvania (USA). Dedicated with a concert for Peace conducted by Leonard Bernstein.

H O U S E

M U S E U M

1988 - Lower East Side Tenement Museum, 97 Orchard Street, New York, NY (USA). "Built on Manhattan's Lower East Side in 1863, this tenement apartment building was home to nearly 7000 working class immigrants. They faced challenges we understand today -- making a new life, working for a better future, starting a family with limited means. In recognizing the importance of this seemingly ordinary building, the Tenement Museum has re-imagined the role that museums can play in our lives." Video | Website | National Park Service (NPS).

August 28, 1989 - Bayard Rustin Plaque, Ralph Bunch Park, East 43rd Street & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Honors Bayard Rustin [1912-1987]. Quote on plaque: "The principal factors which influenced my life are non-violent tactics; constitutional means; democratic procedures; respect for human personality; a belief that all people are one." Entry #681 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

M U R A L

1995 - Centro de La Paz / Peace Place, East 124th Street, East Harlem, New York City (USA). "Painted after a previous mural was demolished to make room for a grocery store. The image is based on what a perfect city would look like in the students eyes. /// "I came across a remarkable mural that covers six storeys of a tenement building wall... The mural was sponsored by the Creative Arts Workshop (CAW) & painted by more than 200 New Yorkers, many of them poor neighbourhood youngsters. Their efforts were augmented by some 100 artists from around the world – Argentina, Ecuador, Nigeria, England & elsewhere. The names of the artists are duly inscribed on a two-storey-high scroll that is part of the mural. It features skyscrapers, igloos, pyramids, and the Grand Canyon. In a city with hundreds of murals, this one definitely stands out – in scope, design, beauty & size. The many immigrant groups depicted & the themes of unity, diversity & tolerance encompass the aspirations & hopes of the millions of immigrants who have come to New York City since its inception & who have shaped it into one of the greatest cities in the world. [William B Helmreich, The Independent, UK, 26Oct2013]"

1998 - "Hope,", Raoul Wallenberg Walk, First Avenue at East 47th Street, New York City, New York (USA). Monument honoring Raoul Wallenberg [1912-1947?], Swedish diplomat who rescued tens of thousands to about one hundred thousand Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary during the Holocaust. Entry #705 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

October 18, 1999 - Rudy Macina Peace Memorial Plaza, Williamsbridge Road, Laconia Avenue & Pelham Parkway North, The Bronx, New York City, New York (USA). "The unusual Peace Memorial Plaza/Rudy Macina Square gathers 5 memorials resembling tombstones, memorializing war dead in the Gulf War, Vietnam War, Korean War & World Wars I & II." /// "Remarks By Mayor Rudolph W. Giuliani At Public Hearing On Local Laws: '...Rudy Macina was born on January 1, 1923 in the Morris Park section of the Bronx. He was educated at local schools and went on to enlist in the Marine Corps. In World War II he was awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal. After the War, Rudy returned to the Bronx and became a community activist. He was instrumental in the revitalization of the Bronx Columbus Day Parade from a small event to an extravaganza. He and his friends adopted two subway stations on the Dyer Avenue Line and worked to remove graffiti and paint in the stations in order to keep them clean and attractive. He was also the driving force behind a movement to dedicate the traffic triangle at the convergence of Williamsbridge Road, Laconia Avenue and Pelham Parkway North as a veterans memorial. For his many patriotic and civic activities Rudy Macina was awarded the "Congressional Medal of Merit." Unfortunately, Rudy Macina died on June 25, 1993 at the age of 70...'"

November 11, 2001 - Wall of Nations Memorial, Ground Zero, New York City, New York (USA). Commemorates 83 countries (in blue on map) whose citizens were lost in the attack on the World Trade Center (WTC). Left image shows President George W. Bush & UN Secretary General Kofi Annan at the wall.

July 16, 2002 - Irish Hunger Memorial, Vesey Street & North End Avenue, Battery Park City, New York City, New York (USA). "Designed collaboratively by artist Brian Tolle, landscape architect Gail Wittwer-Laird, and 1100 Architect. Dedicated to raising awareness of the Great Irish Famine - referred to by the Irish as 'The Great Hunger' or An Gorta Mor in Irish Gaelic - that killed up to a million people in Ireland between the years 1845 & 1852. It is a uniquely landscaped plot, which utilizes stones, soil & native vegetation brought in from the western coast of Ireland & contains stones from all of the different counties of Ireland. Also incorporates an authentic rebuilt Irish cottage of the 19th century."

September 11, 2002 - "Bell of Hope," Trinity Church, 79 Broadway (at Wall Street), New York City, New York (USA). Inscribed, "To the greater glory of God and in recognition of the enduring links between the City of London and the city of New York." Cast July 26, 2002, by Whitechapel Bell Foundry which cast the Liberty Bell in 1752. Weighs 294.84 kilograms.

May 2003 - Invisible Man: A Memorial to Ralph Ellison, Riverside Park (West Harlem Section), New York City, New York (USA). "American born Mexican sculptor & printmaker Elizabeth Catlett [1915-2012] designed this sculpture [honoring] Ralph Ellison [1914-1994], author of Invisible Man, one of the first novels to point out racial issues in America. He was a neighbor of the area living in front of where the sculpture stands. Catlett's works focus on Black expressionistic sculptures & prints most produced during the 60's-70's."

October 14 2003 - Alfred Nobel Monument, Theodore Roosevelt Park, 81st Street & Columbus Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Honors the 306 American laureates of the Nobel Prize. Additional laureates are added during an annual inscription ceremony. Sculpted by Swedish sculptor Sivert Lindblom, and presented in part by the Swedish Embassy. Adjacent to the American Museum of Natural History ("probably the most-visited museum in the world"). Click here for a New York Times article about Nobel laureates from New York City.

2004 - Luminous Manuscript, Paul S. & Sylvia Steinberg Great Hall, Center for Jewish History (CJH), 15 West 16th Street, New York City, New York (USA). Designed by Diane Samuels of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Floor by Michele Oka Doner. "Serves as the metaphorical preface to the vast archival collections of the [five CJH] institutions & explores the role of language & books in Jewish history & memory."

February 2006 - The Peace Tower, Whitney Museum of American Art, Sculpture Court, Madison Avenue at 75th Street, New York City, New York (USA). Created for the 2006 Whitney Biennial by Mark Di Suvero & Rirkrit Tiravanija. Two hundred other artists each contributed a 2x2 foot panel. Left image shows "The Artists' Tower of Protest" (aka Peace Tower) against the War in Viet Nam as conscructed by Di Suvero in Los Angeles in 1966. Click here for journalistic description.

September 11, 2006 - Grief Tear Memorial, Bayonne, New Jersey (USA). "...opened to the anthems of Russia and the USA. On the bank of the Hudson River [facing the Statue of Liberty & Lower Manhattan], is a split 30-meter bronze plate with a giant tear made of titanium. The names of almost 3 thousand people killed on September, 11, 2001, are engraved on the monument. ...gift of Russian people, so sculptor Zurab Tsereteli who also and his colleagues took all the expenses on its erection up [sic]." Tsereteli also sculpted the statue of "Good Defeats Evil" (qv) at UN headquarters in 1990.

October 2007 - Swing Low: A Memorial to Harriet Tubman, Harriet Tubman Square, 122nd Street, St. Nicholas Avenue & Frederick Douglass Boulevard, New York City, New York (USA). Former slave Harriet Tubman [1820-1913] was an abolitionist, humanitarian, and Union spy during the American Civil War.

September 26, 2008 - Garden of Healing, Snug Harbor Cultural Center & Botanical Garden, Staten Island, New York City, New York (USA). "One-acre garden, with a path that encircles the nearby 9/11 World Trade Center Educational Tribute Building, features saplings from a pear tree that was rescued from ground zero by workers from the city Parks Department, a Celtic cross, and a Wall of Remembrance depicting individual victims. It overlooks 20 acres of wetlands."

October 21, 2009 - "Stop the Violence. Another Way is Possible," Houston Street & Avenue B, Lower East Side (LES), New York City, New York (USA). "The legendary LES artist retired to Florida earlier this year. But Chico [Antonio Garcia] is back, thanks to the Lower East Side Girls Club and the anti-violence organization Power of Peace (POP)."

Date? - "Doves," New York City, New York (USA). Mural by Puerto Rican street artist Antonio Garcia (better known as Chico). Depicts the pope and ___?

M U S E U M

August 7, 2010 - James E. Davis Multicultural Museum of Peace, Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, New York (USA). "A storefront shrine to dialog & reconciliation. So it's both ironic & appropriate that it stands mere meters away from the spot where the child of two West Indian immigrants was accidentally killed by a car driven by an Orthodox Jew from the Chabad Hasidic sect, whose world headquarters are a mere block away. The incident sparked three days of violence in 1991 that pitted the area's African American & Caribbean communities against the area's sizable Orthodox Jewish population. It resulted in a young Jew being killed in reprisal & millions of dollars worth of property destroyed. Named after James E. Davis [1962-2003], the late African American New York City councilman & co-founder [in 1990] of the 'Love Yourself Stop the Violence' organization, the museum's walls are covered in photos in his honor in hopes of educating people on the importance of standing together against violence." Founded by J.E. Davis' brother Geoffrey A. Davis.

August 9, 2012 - A. J. Muste Peace Mural, Peace Pentagon, 339 Lafayette Street, New York City, New York (USA). "By Sachio Ko-yin*One Painter. One pacifist folk hero.....by artist Christopher Cardinale. A.J. Muste [1885-1967], was an organizer & writer for peace & social justice, who began his career as a minister. He left behind a rich legacy of labor, civil rights & anti-war organizing. His famous saying, “There is no way to peace. Peace is the Way” appears at the top of the painting. Christopher Cardinale is a Brooklyn-based comic book artist & muralist, whose large scale mural projects have appeared in New York, New Mexico, Greece, Italy & Mexico. He also works with World War 3 Illustrated, the long-running political comic magazine... The "peace pentagon" is the home of several activist groups, most prominently the historic War Resisters League [WRL], a secular pacifist organization founded in 1923."

2014 - National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York City, New York (USA). "The National September 11 Memorial & Museum is a private not-for-profit (501c3) [sic], responsible for oversight of the design, raising the necessary funds, programming and operating the Memorial & Museum being built at the World Trade Center site."

B U S T

April 6, 2015 - Statue of Edward Snowden, Fort Green Park, Brooklyn, New York (USA). Called "Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument 2.0" by its creators...an ephemeral, illegally-installed public statue of Edward Snowden, an American whistleblower who leaked classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) & was charged with federal crimes as a result... attached to a Doric column." Police seized the sculpture the same day. "The city returned the sculpture on May 6, 2015, assessing artists as Andrew Tider & Jeff Greenspan a $50 fine [each] for non-criminal trespassing... The undamaged bust had its first post-police custody exhibition from May 8–17 at The Boiler in Brooklyn." (The sculpture was original erected on the perimeter of the park's Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument, a memorial & crypt which honors & inters the more than 11,500 American prisoners of war who died in the American Revolution while housed on British prison ships.)

March 6, 2016 - Transportation Hub, World Trade Center (WTC), New York City, New York (USA). Also called the "Oculus." "This 150-foot-tall winged creation [said to resemble a peace dove] is the work of Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava. It serves as a connector between the subway lines, the PATH trains & the ferry terminal in Battery Park City. Its centerpiece is a skylight set to open every September 11. It also features a public plaza, set to open when 3WTC is completed. The Oculus has been plagued by years of delays, design cutbacks, cost overruns & roof leaks; it eventually cost $4.4 billion."

March 7, 2017 - Fearless Girl, Bowling Green, New York City, New York (USA). "In Manhattan's Financial District. A a bronze sculpture of a defiant girl by Kristen Visbal. Installed by State Street Global Advisors across from "Charging Bull" [aka the Wall Street Bull] another bronze, on the eve of International Women's Day. Meant to 'send a message' about workplace gender diversity & encourage companies to recruit women to their boards. The sculpture's installation is temporary; it is expected to stay in place at least several weeks. It was initially given a New York City Hall permit for one week, later extended to 30 days. A petition on change.org asking for the statue to be made permanent gathered 2,500 signatures in its first 48 hours."

Future - Peace & Love Tower, downtown Manhattan, New York City, New York (USA). UnGun.org has been collecting guns for over 3 years, and the main structure will be supported by 5,000,000 guns that have been donated to the cause. The structure will feature a top heavy design and the walls will act as one large greenhouse. Choski & Associates won the contract to build the structure in 2006.

Future - "John Lennon WiTh Peace Symbol," Central Park, New York City, New York (USA). "Attorney Michael Santo and artist Laura Lian have joined forces from opposite sides of the Pond to come together in an attempt to give peace a three dimensional 'voice' in Central Park. There are bronze statues of John Lennon in Peru, Spain & Cuba, but no such statue exists in New York, the city John Lennon moved to after The Beatles disbanded..." Santo believes that if there is a public call for the project, then there's a chance Ono 'would endorse the piece.'"

Future - New York Peace Angel (NYPA) Monument, New York City, New York (USA). "Monica Iken, Founder of September’s Mission, a nationally recognized nonprofit organization devoted to building a positive & meaningful legacy out of the events surrounding 9/11, along with Antonio 'Nino' Vendome, Owner of Studio Vendome & Nino’s Restaurant, will host an exclusive cocktail reception in support of the New York Peace Angel (NYPA) Monument on Thursday, March 31st, 2016 from 6-9 PM at Studio Vendome (330 Spring Street, New York, NY.) The Peace Angels Project Founder & Artist Lin Evola will be on hand to announce the formation of a steering committee for the NYPA monument’s development, as well as to share with guests the history behind The Peace Angels Project – an endeavor twenty years in the making. Founded in 1992 by Evola, The Peace Angels Project serves as a reminder of the worldwide epidemic of violence & our responsibility as humans to create a better world, using the melted down stainless core of street weapons & weapons of mass destruction to create powerful images of peace and unity. It is the intention of Evola to install Peace Angel monuments globally, beginning with New York & Los Angeles. The NYPA monument will stand 64 feet tall, with its wings and gown extending the full length. Its front base, referenced as the 'The Conversation,' will be comprised of two ventaglio semicircle steps, holding the figures of 36 individuals who have done 'extreme good' including 18 humanitarian philanthropists & 18 humanitarian activists. 'The Labyrinth' surrounding the monument will incorporate a history of New York, based on the struggles & achievements made in manifesting a city of leadership. While sites are being distinguished for the monument, Evola is calling on the Tri-State area, East Coast & the United Nations in the collection of one million decommissioned weapons for the construction of the NYPA monument. Support for the project includes: Governor Andrew Cuomo; Senator Charles Schumer; Former Mayor Michael Bloomberg; Former Mayor Rudolph Giuliani; Commissioner William Bratton; Former Commissioner Ray Kelly; Police Commissioner Chief of Staff, Joseph P. Wuensch; District Attorney Cyrus Vance, Jr.; Congresswoman Carolyn Maloney, Congresswoman Carolyn McCarthy; The United Nations Department of Disarmament; Arie Y. Levy-Cohen, Treasurer for The Peace Angels Project and Partner & Managing Director of Tocqueville Bullion Reserve L.P.; Richard Rubenstein, President of Rubenstein Public Relations; and more. " /// Image is Lin Evola's maquette of the New York monument.

(2) Rochester, New York

N.B.: Rochester accounts for 16 of the 60 sites on the Freethought Trail organized by the Council for Secular Humanism (now the Center for Inquiry (CFI), Amherst, NY). Four of the 16 sites are shown below (Susan B. Anthony Museum & House, Frederick Douglass Gravesite, Frederick Douglass Statue & Susan B. Anthony Gravesite). Twelve of the 16 sites are NOT shown below (Frederick Douglas Newspaper Office, Frederick Douglass Rural Home Site, Post Home/Western NY State Anti-Slavery Society, Central Church/Hochstein Music School, Corinthian Hall/Academy of Music, Emma Goldman Home Site 1, Emma Goldman Home Site 2, Emma Goldman Workplace, Frederick Douglass Urban Home Site, Ludy Colman Home Site, Ludy Colman School Site, & Obadiah Dogberry's Publishing Office).

Right click image to enlarge.

1628 - The Reconcilation of King Henry III & Henry of Navarre, Memorial Art Gallery of the University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (USA). By Peter Paul Rubens [1577-1640].

G R A V E

After February 20, 1895 - Grave of Frederick Douglass, Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York (USA). On February 20, 1895, "Douglass attended a meeting of the National Council of Women in Washington, DC. During that meeting, he was brought to the platform & given a standing ovation by the audience. Shortly after he returned home, Frederick Douglass died of a massive heart attack or stroke. His funeral was held at the Metropolitan African Methodist Episcopal Church where thousands passed by his coffin paying tribute."

S T A T U E

1899 - Frederick Douglass monument, Rochester, New York (USA). Made by Sidney W. Edwards. Unveiled in 1899 at Central Avenue & St. Paul Street. It was moved to Highland Park & rededicated on September 4, 1941. Seen by EWL 15June2015.

G R A V E

After March 13, 1906 - Grave of Susan B. Anthony, Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York (USA). Susan B. Anthony [1820-1906] was a social reformer & feminist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement with Elizabeth Cady Stanton (qv). Buried near Frederick Douglass (qv).

1965 - Susan B. Anthony Museum & House, 17 Madison Street, Rochester, New York (USA). Access to the house is through the Susan B. Anthony Museum entrance at 19 Madison Street. Declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965. "Preserves the house where Susan B. Anthony [1820-1906] lived for 40 of her most politically active years, collects & exhibits artifacts related to her life & work, & offers programs through its Learning Center that challenge individuals to make a positive difference in their lives & communities."

2001 - "Let's Have Tea" (statues of suffragist Susan B. Anthony & abolitionist Frederick Douglass), Susan B. Anthony Square, Rochester, New York (USA). One block from Susan B. Anthony House. Made by Laotian sculptor Pepsy Kettvong (right image).

June 2007 - M. K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence, c/o University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (USA). Moved to Rochester from Christian Brothers University in Memphis, Tennessee. Arun Gandhi resigned on January 25, 2008, following a controversial interview with the Washington Post.

July 13, 2007 - Frederick Douglass–Susan B. Anthony Memorial Bridge, Genesee River, Rochester, New York (USA). Informally called the Freddie-Sue Bridge & known as the Troup–Howell Bridge until July 13, 2007. A triple steel arch bridge carrying Interstate 490 (I-490) over the Genesee River & New York State Route 383 (Exchange Boulevard) in downtown Rochester. The bridge, officially completed on June 18, 2007, replaced a 50-year old multi-girder bridge situated in the same location. Former slave Frederick Douglass & Susan B. Anthony lived in Rochester at the same time.

Right click image to enlarge.

(3) Remainder of New York State

Year? - "Chinese Bell," in living room of "Springwood" (Birthplace & Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt), Hyde Park, New York (USA). About 3 feet/1 meter tall. EWL visited on April 19, 2017. National Park Service guide called this a "Chinese bell" & said the Roosevelt family rang it to call guests to dinner. He disputed that it looks more Japanese than Chinese. IMO, the bell is shaped like a typical Japanese bell, and it has many "knobs" which are common on Japanese bells but NOT on Chinese bells. I wonder when & how it was acquired by the Roosevelt family. Click here to compare "peace bells" from Japan, China & other countries. Note how similar bells were brought to the USA from Japan as trophies of WW-II. But FDR [1882-1945] was Assistant Secretary of the Navy 1913-1920, and maybe this bell was given to him at that time. /// From a visitor's blog: "FUN ROOSEVELT FACTS: Among gifts in Springwood is a bell from a Buddhist monastery; FDR's mom [Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt, 1854-1941] used it respectfully and with the utmost dignity as a dinner bell. Since all dinners were formal, the first bell was a 30-minute warning; those who were not dressed in time had to eat dinner alone in their rooms, and then would be beaten thoroughly [sic] by the servants." /// From "[Joseph] Stillwell & the American Experience in China, 1911-1945" by Barbara W. Tuchman (2001): "At Hyde Park [Franklin D.] Roosevelt [1882-1945] was brought up among Chinese furnishings, among them a large blue & white porcelain garden pot in the library which according to family tradition had been used at Rose Hill ["the home the Delanos would occupy in Hong Kong"] for bathing the children. A bronze Chinese bell used as a dinner gong had been acquired by Roosevelt's grand- father from two coolies who were carrying it away from the sack at Soochow in 1863. Roosevelts's stamp collection was founded on Chinese & Hong Kong issues given to him by his mother when he was ten..." /// COMMENT BY EWL: Each of the three accounts given here appears to be a typical tour guide simplification further removed from the truth by anonymous & amateur scribes. More reliable is the Wikipedia account that Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt, her mother Catherine & six brothers & sisters "lived in Hong Kong 1862-1865...where they joined Warren Delano who had resumed his business of trading in opium, then still legal." My hunch is that the bell's origin is poorly documented but that it has been in the home for so many decades that few if any visitors have questioned its source. Its Japanese origin is obvious to me but apparently has never been investigated by the National Park Service. /// Lower image shows the front of "Springwood," birthplace & lifelong home of Franklin Deleno Roosevelt.

1910 - New York Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tennessee (USA). Depicts soldiers from North and South shaking hands. Built by State of New York.

October 15, 1911 - Goethe–Schiller Monument, Schiller Park, Syracuse, New York (USA). "Incorporates a copper double-statue of the German poets Johann Wolfgang von Goethe [1749–1832] & Friedrich Schiller [1759–1805]. Erected by the German-American organizations of Syracuse & Onondaga County. Schiller (on the reader's right in the photo) was called the 'poet of freedom' in the US & had an enormous 19th Century following. This was the last of 13 monuments to Schiller that were erected in US cities. Goethe was the 'supreme genius of modern German literature.' He & Schiller are paired in the statue because they had a 'friendship like no other known to literature or art.' Goethe is holding a laurel wreath in his right hand, and Schiller's right hand is reaching towards it. Modeled on the 1857 monument in Weimar (Germany). Ernst Rietschel had been commissioned to create a cast bronze double-statue for Weimar, which was exactly copied for the Syracuse & for three earlier US monuments... Schiller Park had been renamed in 1905, the centennial of Schiller's death. The statue tops a large black marble pedestal; it is at the top of a steep slope, and is approached by a formal stairway."

August 30, 1921 - Albert K. Smiley Memorial Tower, Sky Top Mohonk, above Mohonk Mountain House, New Paltz, New York (USA). "Smiley's Quaker beliefs led him to...the cause of peace. In 1895, he convened the first of many annual conferences on International Arbitration, held at Mohonk Mountain House. Their purpose was to provide a forum for national & international leaders to meet & discuss world problems in an effort to find alternatives to war. The conferences continued through 1916, & included notable attendees such as President William Howard Taft, William Jennings Bryan & Secretaries of State of successive administrations. These conferences highlighted a concern for peaceful conflict resolution that has been credited with giving impetus to the Hague Conference movement. The United Nations of today can trace its roots back to the Hague Conferences." Click here for source of this information.

May 30, 1927 - Peace & Victory Monument, Crandall Park, upper Glen Street, Queensbury, New York (USA). Dedicated on Memorial Day. "A bronze figure sculpted by Bruce Wilder Scoville [1893-1939] in New York City is a tribute to the men from the Town of Queensbury & the City of Glens Falls who gave their lives from the Civil War to the Korean War. Names have been added over time."

August 7, 1927 - Peace Bridge, Niagara River, US/Canadian Border between Buffalo, New York (USA), & Fort Erie, Ontario (Canada). A "dramatic state-of-the-art, $1.2 million LED lighting system replaced the current avian unfriendly up-lighting" at the end of 2008. 1 of 40 monuments in "Peace Symbols" by Zonia Baber (1948), pp. 66-67. Entry #1208 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). A Kiwanis marker will be added to this site in 1935 [qv].

1930's - "Peace" (Father Divine Peace Mission), Crum Elbow Estate, Hudson River, New York (USA). "Landing & exterior view of Father Divine's religious mission next to barn with 'PEACE' painted on the side on the banks of the Hudson River." "Father Divine [c1876-1965], also known as Reverend M.J. Divine, was an African American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death. He founded the International Peace Mission movement, formulated its doctrine, and oversaw its growth from a small and predominantly black congregation into a multiracial and international church." Photos from Life Magazine, September 1939.

July 1932 - "Frontiers Unfettered by Any Frowning Fortress," City Hall, 65 Niagara Square, Buffalo, New York (USA). East mural in lobby of Buffalo's gigantic 32-story city hall. By New York City artist William de Leftwich Dodge [1867-1935]. "Depicts Buffalo as an international gateway to Canada. The border of the mural consists of ears of corn & two doves symbolizing peace. The central figure of a woman, Buffalo as the Angel of Peace, holds a warrior under each arm, uniting them with her grasp. One warrior represents the US & the other represents Canada, each clutching their respective flags." Second image shows ceiling with the mural at one end. "On the left the United States, [is] represented by consumer prosperity. Some details: * Woman wearing 1920’s clothing styles, including cloche hat, boa, high heels, dress and wrap, and carrying purse, another shoe, jewelry and jewelry box, and bolt of fabric * Man wearing shorts and knickers, carrying two model cars (Thomas, 1902-1919, and Pierce-Arrow, 1901-1938, were auto companies prominent in Buffalo’s history). * Farmer with farming tools; woman with treadle sewing machine * Background: City Hall, Niagara Falls & the Peace Bridge." "On the right Canada is represented by an offering of furs & fisheries. Some details: * Mother with her son who is clutching a book and pointing him toward the United States as the land of opportunity and youth. * Fur trapper, wearing fringed buckskin pants and moccasins, with snow shoe carrying trapped animals. * Man carrying basket of fish. * Native in canoe loaded with green branches * Background: A Canadian city (Fort Erie?) & the Peace Bridge." Information courtesy of Dave Granville 03July2016.

1934 - Rush-Bagot Memorial, Old Fort Niagara, New York (USA). "An early armaments agreement was signed by the US & Great Britain in 1817. Named for its chief negotiators, Richard Rush [1780-1859] & Sir Charles Bagot [1781-1843], the treaty limited naval forces on the Great Lakes. The true monument to such efforts is today's unfortified 4,00-mile (6,400km) United States-Canada border. In clear weather the skyline of Toronto, Ontario can be seen across the 27 miles (43km) of Lake Ontario."/// Left image shows Unfortified Boundary Plaque. Fort Niagara dates from 1726.

May 29, 1935 - Statute of "La Paix / Peace," "Garden of Normandie," Pinelawn Memorial Park (aka Long Island National Cemetery), Framingdale, Long Island, New York (USA). "Thirteen feet tall gilded statue of a toga-clad woman, one arm raised & offering an olive branch, by Louis Dejean [1872-1954]. [Originally] dominated the center of the [305-foot long] first class dining room of the French liner Normandie [1935-1942]" -- which sank in New York City during World War II. "The sculpture survived & was acquired [when?] by the cemetery after being discovered dismantled in a Brooklyn churchyard." (Bronze medallions from two doors of the Normandie are still in use at Our Lady of Lebanon Marionite Cathedral in Brooklyn, NY.)

August 24, 1937 - Kiwanis Peace Plaque, Trout River, New York (USA). Inches from international border (behind orange lane dividers in third image). 1 of 13 in Entry #1207 "Peace Movement Directory" by Bennett (2001). 1 of 13 named by Baber after Ambassdor Bridge. /// Found & photographed by EWL on August 21, 2012. See "An International Incident" below. /// Upper right image from FlickRiver.

May 30, 1939 - "Peace" Fountain, Pulteney Park, Geneva, South Main Street, New York (USA). "White marble sculpture of a full-length female, on one knee while seated thrusting a Hoplite sword into the ground, allegorically symbolizing the cessation of hostilities. Inscribed 'Erected to the memory of Geneva Patriots who served our Nation in her wars that Freedom might remain our Most Cherished Heritage.' Created by Jean MacKay Henrich [1909-2002] who was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, graduate of Antioch College & University of Buffalo, studied in Vienna & Paris. head of the Sculpture Department at Art Institute of Buffalo." Carved by Georgia Marble Company of Tate, Georgia. Replaced when veining appeared on the sculpture's face & upper body. Original pink marble carving is displayed in West Jefferson County, North Carolina (since relocated). Also called "Veterans Memorial Fountain" & "The Lady of the Lake."

July 1, 1939 - Kiwanis Peace Plaque, Front Park, Buffalo, New York (USA). All three images from Waymarking.com with this caption: "In the median of the access road to the Peace Bridge to Canada [qv] sits a small rough-cut granite memorial. This access road travels through Front Park [designed by Frederick Law Olmsted]. It was dedicated July 1, 1939 by numerous Kiwanis Clubs from both the United States and Canada. Those clubs are: Batavia, Brockport, Buffalo, Dunkirk-Fredonia, East Aurora, Gowanda, Jamestown, Kenmore, Lockport, Niagara Falls, Olean, Rochester, Silver Creek, South Buffalo, Tonawandas, Warsaw, Guelph, Hamilton, Niagara Falls, Owen Sound, Riverdale-Toronto, St. Catherines, Thorold, Toronto, and West Toronto." /// Info & former image of marker on Busti Avenue was from "Historic Markers, Monuments & Memorials in Buffalo, NY" (apparently no longer on-line). /// Lower plaque names 16 Kiwanis clubs in the United States & nine in Canada which "made this memorial a reality." /// Apparently this marker was erected on a major approach to the Peace Bridge, but new highways now by-pass the marker.

August 18, 1939 - Kiwanis Peace Plaque, "Rift Bridge" (central part of the Thousand Islands Bridge), near Alexandria Bay, New York (USA). Subsidiary plaque says "Relocated and Rededicated 1972." Info & upper right image from Alan DeYoung (director of 1000 Islands International Tourism Council) 22August2012. /// "United Divide: A Linear Portrait of the USA/Canada Border" says "This is a major crossing, with Interstate 81, and up to 2 hour delays in the Summer. The boundary snakes through small channels around the islands in the diffused river, until it runs between Wellesley & Hill Islands & underneath the Thousand Islands Bridge... The Kiwanis Club plaque, visible at many crossings, is the only monument between the Ports of Entry." /// August 18, 1938, is the date on which President Roosevelt & PM Mackenzie King cut the ribbon on the Rift Bridge to officially open the larger 1000 Islands Bridge.

September 27, 1941 - Kiwanis Marker, on Rainbow Bridge over Niagara River Gorge between Ontario (Canada) & New York (USA). Bridge opened November 1, 1941. Image is from City of Niagara Falls Museums, Niagara Falls, Ontario. Caption: "A view showing dignitaries on the bridge beside a plaque [on an easel]: The unfortified boundary line between the Dominion of Canada and the United States of America should quicken the rememberance of the more than a century of friendship between these countries. A lesson of peace to all people, etc. (unable to read last two lines). Rainbow bridge under construction, Sept. 27, 1941." /// NB: Canadian Ryan Janek Wolowski walked this bridge, videoed every step, and photographed the 1977 Gyro International plaque [qv], but made no menton of a Kiwanis plaque.

April 15, 1945 - Grave of Franklin Delano Roosevelt [1882-1945], in Rose Garden of Springwood, Hyde Park, New York (USA). "After a White House funeral on April 14, Roosevelt's body was transported to Hyde Park by train, guarded by four servicemen, one each from the Army, Navy, Marines & Coast Guard. As was his wish, Roosevelt was buried in the Rose Garden of the Springwood estate, the Roosevelt family home, birthplace & lifelong home of Franklin Deleno Roosevelt.

October 28, 1945 - May 14, 1994 - June 15, 2007 - Freedom Court," Franklin D. Roosevelt Library & Museum, Home of Franklin D. Roosevelt National Historic Site (Springwood Estate), Hyde Park, New York (USA). This is a complicated monument because it consists of three parts erected over a span of 62 years (not to mention the adjacent library & museum). "Freedom Court" includes (1) 1945 bust of FDR by Walter Russell [1871-1963], (2) 1994 "BreakFree" by artist Edwina Sandys (grand-daughter of Churchill) & (3) 2007 bust of Winston Churchill by Oscar Nemon [1906-1985]. /// Made from four segments of the Berlin Wall [1961-1989], "'BreakFree' shows the figures of a man & a woman emerging from symbolic, giant barbed wire, expressing Man's irresistible quest for freedom. Appropriately, this sculpture stands on a podium inscribed around the base with Roosevelt's 'Four Freedoms':" Freedom of speech, Freedom of worship, Freedom from want & Freedom from fear. /// Right image shows Sandys & Nemon's daughter Aurelia at 2007 dedication of the Churchill bust during a conference whose theme was "Roosevelt & Churchill: The Legacy of Two Statesmen." In foreground is the 1945 bust of FDR by Walter Russell. (Sandys' "Breakthrough" [qv] was also made from the Berlin Wall & placed at Fulton, Missouri, in 1990.) Visited by EWL on April 19, 2017.

July 17, 1958 - Peace Monument, Robert Moses-Robert H. Saunders Power House & Dam, St. Lawrence-Franklin Deleno Roosevelt Power Project, St. Lawrence River between Massena, New York (USA), and Cornwall, Ontario (Canada). The dam's 32 turbine-generators are divided equally by the international border, with the two sections operated independently by the New York Power Authorty (NYPA) and Ontario Power Generation (OPG). Queen Elizabeth II dedicated the monument on the international border inside the power house.

July 25, 1962 - Sagamore Hill National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 12 Sagamore Hill Road, Oyster Bay, New York (USA). Home of Thodore Roosevelt from 1885 until his death in 1919. Known as the "Summer White House" during his presidency. Theodore Roosevelt [1858-1919] was US President 1901-1909 and received the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize.

November 17, 1962 - Kiwanis Peace Marker, on Lewiston-Queenston Bridge over Niagara River Gorge between Lewiston, New York (USA), & Queenston, Ontario (Canada) Bridge opened November 1, 1962, & Kiwanis plaque dedicated 16 days later. Plaque says "Canada" whereas previous & later Kiwanis plaques say "Dominion of Canada." /// Upper right image from IUPUI archives with this caption: "Niagara Falls Peace Marker, 1962. Richard Drake (left) and Robert Cannon (right), presidents of the Lewiston, New York and Stamford, Ontario Kiwanis clubs respectively, present a U.S.-Canadian Peace Marker near Niagara Falls, Ontario on November 17, 1962."

June 10, 2013 - Permanently removed from the bridge circa 2012 due to renovations & elimination of pedestrian walkway. Rededication on June 10, 2013, on side of historic (1816) Little Yellow House, 476 Center Street, Lewiston, NY (with new yellow & blue plaque entitled "Kiwanians Promoting Peace: Then & Now") & adjacent to 1812 Bicentennial Peace Garden of International Peace Garden Foundation (IPGF). /// Images of plaques & Little Yellow House are from information submitted by Anton Schwarzmueller of Wilson, New York, to The Historic Marker Database of Springfield, Virginia. /// Top image from Lewiston-Queenston Bridge webpage with this caption: "Kiwanis Dedication - Voice of Lewiston Kiwanis Club President Jeff Sanderson." /// Some information 18April2016 from Mr. Terry Collefano (historian of Kiwanis Club in Lewiston , NY).

May 1965 - Kennedy Memorial Plaque, Kennedy Park, Hicksville, New York (USA). Inscribed with famous quote from President John F. Kennedy [1917-1963]"And so my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country."

1966 - Pacim in Terris, 96 Covered Bridge Road, Warwick, New York (USA). Sculptures & sculpture garden created by Dutch-born Dr. Frederick Franck [1909-2006]. Dedicated to Dr. Albert Schweitzer (with whom Dr. Franck practiced dentistry in Gabon 1958-1961), Pope John XXIII (whom he sketched during the Second Vatican Council), and the Buddhist sage Daisetz T. Suzuki (who "taught me to think"). Images show entrance sculpture, St. Francis sculpture, Seven Generations, & Hiroshima--The Unkillable Human. See other sculpture by Dr. Franck in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

May 17, 1969 - Sloop "Clearwater," Hudson River, New York (USA). 106 feet/32 meters overall. Built in Harvey Gamage Shipyard, South Bristol, Maine, for Pete Seeger [1919-2014]. "Starting in the 1970's, used to force a clean-up of PCB contamination of the Hudson River caused by industrial manufacturing by General Electric & other companies on the river's edge. Other specific Hudson watershed issues with which Clearwater is concerned are development pressures in the southern half of the Hudson Valley, pesticide runoff, the Manhattan west side waterfront, Indian Point nuclear reactors & New York/New Jersey Harbor dredge spoil disposal. Clearwater has gained worldwide recognition for its leadership in helping to pass landmark environmental laws, both state & federal, including the Clean Water Act." /// Image shows the Clearwater sailing south, past Manhattan's Grant's Tomb & Riverside Church.

August 15-18, 1969 - Woodstock Music & Art Fair, Woodstock, New York (USA). "A music festival, billed as 'An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music,' held at Max Yasgur's 600-acre dairy farm near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel, Sullivan County, New York, 43 miles (69 km) southwest of the town of Woodstock, New York. During the sometimes rainy weekend, 32 acts performed outdoors in front of 400,000 concert-goers. It is widely regarded as one of the greatest & most pivotal moments in popular music history & was listed among Rolling Stone's 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock & Roll. The event was captured in the successful 1970 documentary movie 'Woodstock,' an accompanying soundtrack album & Joni Mitchell's song 'Woodstock' which commemorated the event & became a major hit for Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young."

L I B R A R Y 1970 - Sojourner Truth Library (STL), State University of New York (SUNY) at New Paltz, New Paltz, New York (USA). Named in honor of Sojourner Truth [c1797-1883], African-American abolitionist & women's rights activist, who was born into slavery in Swartekill (near Kingston), Ulster County, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826.

1976 - Monument for Sojourner Truth, Stockade Historic District, Kingston, Ulster County, New York (USA). "A marker honoring the life of Sojourner Truth [c1797-1883] stands on the front lawn of the Ulster County Courthouse." Sojourner Truth [c1797-1883] was an African-American abolitionist & women's rights activist who was born into slavery in Swartekill (near Kingston), Ulster County, New York, but escaped with her infant daughter to freedom in 1826.

1977 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Memorial, Martin Luther King, Jr., Park, Near Best Street, Buffalo, New York (USA). Plaque reads: "I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed, 'We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal.' M.L.K. Jr. 1929-1968."

1977 - 13-cent stamp commemorating "Peace Bridge 1927-77." Fiftieth anniversary of the Peace Bridge between Buffalo, New York (USA), and Port Erie, Ontario (Canada).

1977 - 12-cent stamp commemorating "Peace Bridge 1927-77." Fiftieth anniversary of the Peace Bridge between Buffalo, New York (USA), and Port Erie, Ontario (Canada).

July 24, 1983 - "Canadians & Americans span the border at Thousand Islands Bridge, linking New York & Ontario, to protest nuclear weapons & border harassment of peace activists."

1984 - "Peace And Music," Bethel, Sullivan County, New York (USA). 43 miles (69 km) southwest of the town of Woodstock in adjoining Ulster County. Plaque marking site of 1969 Woodstock Music Fesitival (originally billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music"). "The field & the stage area remain preserved in their rural setting & the fields of the Yasgur farm are still visited by people of all generations. In 1996, the site of the concert and 1,400 acres (5.7 km2) surrounding was purchased by cable television pioneer Alan Gerry for the purpose of creating the Bethel Woods Center for the Arts. The Center opened on July 1, 2006, with a performance by the New York Philharmonic. On August 13, 2006, Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young performed before 16,000 fans at the new Center—37 years after their historic performance at Woodstock. The Museum at Bethel Woods opened on June 2, 2008. The Museum contains film & interactive displays, text panels, and artifacts that explore the unique experience of the Woodstock festival, its significance as the culminating event of a decade of radical cultural transformation, and the legacy of the Sixties & Woodstock today. The ashes of the late Richie Havens were scattered across the site on August 18, 2013. In late 2016 New York's State Historic Preservation Office applied to the National Park Service to have 600 acres (240 ha) including the site of the festival & adjacent areas used for campgrounds, all of which still appear mostly as they did in 1969 as they were not redeveloped when Bethel Woods was built, listed on the National Register of Historic Places."

May 18, 1985 - Lions Club Friendship Arch, on traffic island at US end of Rainbow Bridge over Niagara River, Niagara Falls, New York (USA). Inscription: "Dedicated to The Open Borders and Friendship of The United States and Canada by the Lions Clubs of District 20-N, William E. Scarafia Humprey O. Scroi District Governor PDC - Chairman, May 18, 1985 " There are similar Lions Club Friendship Arches in other locations.

July 1-4, 1987 - Commemorative coins for Friendship Festival. Inscribed "Peace Bridge, Buffalo-Fort Erie, 'The bridge that peace built.'" /// "The Friendship Festival is an annual celebration of the bond between Canada & the US. This event is held in Fort Erie, Ontario, & Buffalo, New York, which are connected by the Peace Bridge. The festival began in 1987 & is held from June 29 to July 4. These dates encompass Canada Day (July 1) & Independence Day (July 4). The festival also marks the nearly 200 year state of official peace between the two neighbors since the end of the War of 1812."

1991 - World Peace Sanctuary, World Peace Prayer Society (WPPS), 26 Benton Road, Wassaic, Town of Amenia, Dutchess County, New York (USA). In Taconic Mountains. "Occupies 154 acres. The office building [upper left image] was renovated from a cow barn to an office which now serves as the international headquarters of the WPPS, the Peace Pole Project & Peace Pals International [for children]. The annual 'A Call To Peace' gathering is presented in the Sacred Grove [lower left image]. [The gathering] celebrates the International Day of Peace [with] highlighting ceremonies & rituals to bless the Native American Nations, the 50 US States & its territories & the countries of the world in a colorful procession of flag Ceremonies." Entry #626 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). /// When EWL visited on April 21, 2017, he met Ann Marie Robustelli (Executive Director Assistant & Peace Pole Project Coordinator) & James (Jim) Dugan (Sanctuary Manager & peace pole fabricator) - upper middle image - & learned that no annual festival has been held since 9/11 (Sept. 11, 2001). Robustelli said "instead of expecting our many supporters to come to this remote location, we now travel to them." /// "Founded in Japan in 1955, the WPPS has its headquarters in Wassaic including [sic] offices in Japan, Germany, Scotland & San Francisco." /// Images #2, #3 & #5 courtesy of Jim Dugan 24Apr2017.

Vendors In addition to four-sided white vinyl peace poles made on the premises by Jim Dugan, the World Peace Sanc- tuary displays World Peace Prayer products of many other vendors, including Peace Pole Makers USA of Maple City, Michigan, Painted Peace of Bellingham, Washington, Hank Kaminski of Fayetteville, Arkansas, & World Wide Peace Bell Foundation of Hopewell Junction, New York. See all of these on my peace pole web page.

P O L E S

1991 - Peace Path, World Peace Sanctuary, World Peace Prayer Society (WPPS), 26 Benton Road, Wassaic, New York (USA). "Lined with Peace Poles on both sides, representing each of the 192 UN member nations in the world." Entry #626 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). /// When EWL visited on April 21, 2017, he found that the wooden poles have been replaced with starkly white vinyl poles & that the "path" has been rearranged into a curve.

1993 - Grafton Peace Pagoda, Petersburg, Rensselaer County, New York (USA). "Built through the efforts of a nun, Jun Yasuda, who had been close to Native Americans, and her stupa was dedicated to their survival." One of about 80 peace pagodas of the Nipponzan Myohoji Buddhist Order. The only other one in the USA is in Leverett, Massachusetts (qv). Entry #652 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1993 - Statue of Martin Luther King, Jr., Lincoln Park, Albany, New York (USA). Photo taken after ice storm on January 15, 2007. Entry #624 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

T R E E

1993? - "Tree of Peace," Turning Stone Resort & Casino, Verona, New York (USA). Luminous glass sculpture by Dale Chihuly. The casino belongs to the Oneida Indian Nation. See Chihuly's "Flame of Liberty" at the National Liberty Museum, Philadelphia (2000).

W A L L

About 1995 - "World Wall for Peace" (WWFP), between Plassman & Hennepin Hall, Siena College, Loudenville, New York (USA). "Recreated" on September 21, 2010. Image (showing Martin Luther King, Jr., & the words "I have a dream that one day...") is only a few tiles of a much larger mural. One of about 20 WWFP's inspired by Carolyna Marks of Berkeley, California (USA) & created in California, Georgia, Michigan, New York, South Carolina, Tennessee, Japan, Palestine, Russia & South Africa.

October 19, 1996 - Kingston Peace Park, 64 North Front Street (at Crown Street), Stockade Historic District, Kingston, Stockade Historic District, Ulster County, New York (USA). Apparently constructed on a small vacant lot (site of home of Jacobus S. Bruyn [1749-1823]) near historic center of town (which was fortified during the American Revolution). Connection to "peace" is unclear (except for a small, wooden plaque - right image - erected by supporters of Sri Chinmoy [1931-2007] to one side of the principle plaque designating this to be a "Peace Blossom Park"). /// Mural by Matthew Pleva on overlooking wall is entitled "The Hobgoblin of Old Dutch." /// Visited by EWL on April 20, 2017. /// FYI, Kingston became the first capital of New York state in 1777 but was almost immediately burned by British troops.

1997 - Sagan Planet Walk, Ithaca, New York (USA). "Scale model of the solar system on a 5,000,000,000:1 scale... Carl Sagan [1934-19xx], of course, taught at Cornell (located in Ithaca) for many years, which is his connection to the town; hence the location for the memorial...But my favorite thing about the planet walk I don't have a photograph of. It isn't on the map; it isn't in Ithaca -- it doesn't even exist yet, and it probably never will. But there has been talk apparently about building a matching, to-scale monolith for Alpha Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun. It would be in Hawaii."

2001 - Jerry Rescue Monument, Clinton Square, Syracuse, New York (USA). By Sharon BuMann, "professional sculptor from Pennellville." "Commemmorates the rescue on October 1, 1851, of a fugitive slave by the name of Jerry (also known by the name of William Henry) by abolishionists... Jerry was eventually taken by wagon to Oswego, where he safely crossed Lake Ontario & into Canada."

2001 - Reconciliaiton Plaza, US Military Academy, West Point, New York (USA). Central marker inscribed "The Class of 1961 presents this memorial to the United States Military Academy on the occasion of its 40th reunion and one hundred forty years after the graduation of the Classes of May and June 1861. We commemorate the reconciliation betweeen North and South and dedicate this memorial to our classmates who died in service to our Nation."

M E M O R I A L 2001 - Holocaust Monument, Jericho Jewish Center, Jericho, Long Island, New York (USA). Sculpted by Michael Alfano. Three figures 120% life size. "The man points to a brighter future. The woman looks back in horror, portraying the lost past. Leading them, the child pulls the woman from the past to the future."

T R E E

September 24, 2003 - "Deir Yassin Remembered," DYR Headquarters, Seneca Lake (western shore), Geneva, New York, New York (USA). Bronze sculpture of an uprooted olive tree by [political cartoonist] Khalil Bendib. Inscription: "Earth torn roots yearning, Palestine landscape mourning displaced descendants. Randa Hamwi Duwaji. Perpetrated by terrorists of the Irgun and Stern Gang, the massacre of Palestinian men, women, and children at Deir Yassin on April 9, 1948 is arguably the most pivotal event in 20th century Palestinian history. // The massacre symbolizes the Zionist quest to build a Jewish state on land inhabited for centuries by Muslims, Christians, and Jews. It marks the begining of the descruction of over 400 Palestinian villages and the exile of more than 700,000 Palestinians. // Over half the population in the land controlled by Israel is not Jewish. Most of these non-Jews are Palestinians. Yet there are few memorails to mark their history and none to mark the massacre at Deir Yassin, which lies 3 km west of the Old City of Jerusalem and only 1,400 m to the north of Yad Vashem, the most famous of all the Holocaust memorials. The irony is breathtaking. // Khalil Bendib, Sculptor, 2003. www.deiryassin.org" Third of three "Deir Yassin Remembered" memorials (DYR).

2004 - John Lennon Center for Music & Technology, Five Towns College, Dix Hills, Long Island, New York (USA). Dedicated by Yoko Ono in 2005. Left image courtesy of executive director Sanford Hinden. Right image shows chairman Martin Cohen.

May 2010 - Dry Stone Wall Arch, at office of the Frontenac Arch Biosphere Reserve, Ivy Lea, Ontario (Canada). "Wallers from as far away as, Rochester, New York, & Montreal, Quebec, came by to lend a helping hand. John-Shaw Rimmington, a professional dry stone waller from the Toronto area, led the brigade of seven for this two-day project." /// Ivy Lea is a hamlet in the Thousand Islands area of the St. Lawrence River.

Date? - Lions Club Friendship Arch, near Ivy Lea, Ontario (Canada). "Located on the Canada/USA border." There are similar Lions Club Friendship Arches in other locations.

G A R D E N

June 2010 - War of 1812 Bicentennial Peace Garden, 476 Center Street, Lewiston, New York (USA). "Behind the historic Yellow House... Celebrates the two hundred years of peace & longstanding friendship between two countries that share the worlds longest undefended boarder. Visit the garden & then walk the store [sic] of Lewiston where you will find many unique stores & resturants [sic]...." A Kiwanis marker will be added to this site in 2013.

G A R D E N

2012 - Honorary International Peace Garden, Holland Land Office Museum, Main Street, Batavia, New York (USA). Created for the bicentennial of the war of 1812. "11,000 sq ft 350' long by 25' X 30'. [Includes] a memory/celebration walk, a monument of Paulo Busti who was responsible for the settlement of the area, a military monument with a globe of the world, a design of a mill stone to honor the placement of the early setlement as it is along side a creek, several benches for a peaceful safe place to relax right at the crossroads of western New York, 23 flags flying that will respresent each country that has a [IPGF] garden & a three sided information kioas [sic] to announce community events." /// Part of the War of 1812 Bicentennial Peace Garden Trail.

2010 - Martin Luther King, Jr., Statue & Memorial Promenade, Binghamton, Broome County, New York (USA). At Peacemaker's Stage. Adjacent to the Chenango River & just north of Court Street. Nearby plaque says: "George Haeseler, Broome County Peace Action, 'Peacemakers, you are my church.' Dr. George Haeseler, 2012." /// "Broome County Peace Action & Broome County Veterans for Peace hold combined meetings at 6:30 pm on the second Wednesday of each month at the Unitarian Universalist Congregation on Riverside Drive in Binghamton."

May 5, 2013 - "Let's Roll," Village of Ossining, New York (USA). Peace symbol created from "stainless steel, plate, shaft and gear" by sculptor Jim Havens of Gibsonburg, Ohio. One of 25 sculptures erected for Ossining's bicentennial celebration & one of only three slected for permanent display. Information courtesy of Karen & Jim Havens.

September 21, 2013 - Peace Pole, foot of Broadway, Newburgh, New York (USA). "The Newburgh Rotary & World Wide Peace Bell Foundation, in cooperation with Newburgh Mayor Judy Kennedy's office, are dedicating a new, more substantial Peace Pole... at 11 a.m. Saturday, International Peace Day. The symbol will be dedicated to two late peace advocates: John McConnell [1915-2012], 96, the founder of Earth Day in 1970, and Toshi Seeger [1922-2013], 91, for 70 years a devoted wife to Pete Seeger [1919-2014] who also was a loving mother and friend to everyone she met. During the ceremony, Newburgh will be designated a Rotary Peace City & an International City of Peace, and Kennedy will be honored as a Mayor of Peace. Following the dedication, a short Peace Promenade will take place, ending at 11:45 a.m. Among the community leaders participating will be the Rev. Bill Scafidi, Doug Martin Sturomski & Rotarians Pete Sukeena & Bill Bassett, past district governor." /// Image shows Doug Martin (far right) and Hudson River (in backround).

Future - Cold War/Peace Museum, Stewart International Airport, Newburgh & New Windsor, New York (USA). Sixty miles outside New York City at intersection of Interstate 84 & New York State Thruway (Interstate 87). Will "preserve the SAGE (Semi Automatic Ground Environment) building as a site in which to engage the general public in an examination of all aspects of the Cold War and to explore the lessons that can be drawn from the period... Beginning in 1958, the SAGE Direction Center played a crucial role in America¹s defense against a possible Soviet air attack..."