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Peace Monuments in
Kentucky & Tennessee (USA)
Right click image to enlarge.
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1848 - Burritt College, Spencer, Van Buren County, Tennessee (USA). Closed in 1939, but ruins still visible. "Founders chose the name of Ehihu Burritt [1810-1879] to affix to their school because they admired the initiative, perseverance, and determination which characterized Burritt's rise to national prominence. While there was not an overwhelming amount of pacifistic sentiment within the Church of Christ, there was nevertheless a sufficient amount for the small band of Christians in the isolated village of Spencer, Tennessee, to know of the life and work of one of the outstanding leaders in the peace movement. Generally the Church of Christ followed the pattern set by other religious groups in questions such as war and slavery."
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1897 - Negro Building, Tennessee Centennial Exposition (now Centennial Park), Nashville, Tennessee (USA). No longer exists. "Largest-ever display of African-American life and achievement." From dedication speech: "Here...the world may see the other side of Negro life than 'Sam Johnson, the chicken thief.' Here it may see the healthful buds of Negro handicraft, Negro art, science, literature, invention... Here... the old master who followed Lee's tattered banners... down to Appomattox sacrifices his pro-slavery ideas, and builds a monument to Negro fidelity and industry; and here the Negro brings the product of his brain and hand in grateful testimony to the friendly feelings between us."
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1897 - Woman's Building, Tennessee Centennial Exposition (now Centennial Park), Nashville, Tennessee (USA). No longer exists. Site (near the fair's full-scale reproduction of the Parthenon) is marked by a subsequent monument with a sphere on top. Its plaque contains two quotations by Mrs. Van Leer (Kate) Kirkman, President, Woman's Department: "That that is round can be no rounder" and "Women's Work. Whatever may be necessary to preserve the sanctity of the home and ensure the freedom of the state." Lower image by EWL.
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1867 - Haystack Monument, Mission Park, Williams College, Williamstown, Massachusetts (USA). Commemorates the 1806 meeting which started the American foreign missions movement.
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Circa 1908 - "Peace Park," Hopkinsville, Kentucky (USA). Bequest by Hopkinsville native John C. Latham [1845-1908] of New York, whose large tobacco warehouse on this site was destroyed by disgruntled tobacco growers (Night Raiders) on December 8, 1907. Identified by Kentucky state historical marker. Click here for other peace parks.
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Date? - "First Abolitionist Publications" marker, Jonesborough, Tennessee (USA). Honors Elihu Embree [1782-1820] who published the first newspaper in the USA dedicated entirely to the abolition of slavery. His home on Walker's Mill Road SW of Telford, Tennessee (image at right), was a hiding place for runaway slaves.
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July 2, 1908 - Holston Treaty Monument, Volunteer Landing Park, Tennessee River, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). Erected by Sons of the American Revolution (SAR). Images may show a later monument -- need to check this. "The Treaty of Holston was signed [on the treaty ground on the bank of the Holston River, near the mouth of the French Broad River] on July 2, 1791, by William Blount [1749-1800], governor [of] the territory of the USA south of the Ohio River & superintendent of Indian affairs for the southern district for the USA, and by various representatives of the Cherokee Nation." (Chick here for the text of the treaty.) "After concluding the treaty, Blount announced that the territorial capital would move to newly founded Knoxville" (a short distance downstream).
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1910 - New York Peace Monument, Point Park, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tennessee (USA). Depicts soldiers from North and South shaking hands. Click here for other Civil War peace monuments. Built by State of New York.
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1911 - Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site, National Park Service (NPS), 2995 Lincoln Farm Road, Hodgenville, Kentucky (USA). A Beaux-Arts neo-classical memorial building designed by John Russell Pope [1874-1937]. Cornerstone laid in 1909 by President Theodore Roosevelt. Building dedicated in 1911 by President William Howard Taft. A reconstructed log cabin is inside the shrine. Another resconstruced cabin is outdoors at the Knob Creek Unit of the historic site. Click here for other Lincoln monuments.
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1917 - Ohio Peace Monument, Cravens House, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, Tennessee (USA). Base of monument depicts a female figure surrounded with grain, machinery, and other fruits of peace. Click here for other Civil War peace monuments. Built by State of Ohio.
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1927 - "Miss [name unnown]," somewhere in Tennessee (USA). One of 58 Japanese Friendship Dolls. Dr. Sidney Gulick [1860-1945], an American lecturer at Kyoto Imperial University, obtained more than 12,000 American “blue-eyed dolls” for Japanese children. Fifty-eight prefectures replied by sending museum quality Japanese dolls to America, one of which was distributed to each state. Many were hidden during World War II, but 45 have been found (mostly restored and now displayed in museums), and 13 remain missing, including Tennessee's doll. Image shows Miss Okayma" in Fargo, North Dakota.
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November 11, 1927 - Peace Monument, Battlefield Drive & Granny White Pike, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Angel of Peace at top. Lower group depicts a youth (the united nation) reigning in two powerful horses (North & South) under a rainbow of peace. Designed by Italian Giuseppe Moretti [1857-1935] most famous for Vulcan in Birmingham, Alabama (1904). Originally dedicated on Armistice Day 1927. Rededicated in 1999 after being moved from original base which was encroached by a modern expressway. The 1927 & 1999 bases are identical with the same three inscriptions: Text #1: "The spirit of youth holds in check the contending forces that struggled here in the fierce Battle of Nashville, December 16th, 1864, sealing forever the bond of union by the blood of our heroic dead of the World War 1917-1918." Text #2 from Ralph Waldo Emerson [1803-1882]: "A monument like this, standing on such memories, having no reference to utilities, becomes a sentiment, a poet, a prophet, an orator, to every passerby." Text #3 is a poem by state librarian John Trotwood Moore [1858-1929]. Entry #934 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).
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1935 - Cordell Hull Highway, Kentucky & Tennessee (USA). "In 1935 [sic], the Kentucky and Tennessee legislatures designated the route connecting Mammoth Cave and the Great Smoky Mountain National Park in honor of Cordell Hull [1871-1955] as a tribute to his services to the nation. Hull, a Tennessee native of Pickett County, had a successful law practice in nearby Celina, Gainesboro & Carthage, Tennessee. He was a member of the House of Representatives from 1907-31. He served many years as a US Senator, beginning in 1931. As Secretary of State under Franklin D. Roosevelt, Hull became known universally as 'The Father of the United Nations,' an achievement for which he received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945." The Cordell Hull Parkway is a 57 mile ribbon of road that threads through a most scenic and historical route from Mammoth Cave, KY to the Tennessee state line. Click here for information on the annual Rollercoaster Yard Sale on the Cordell Hull Highway (lower image map).
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September 2, 1940 - Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GSMNP), Tennessee & North Carolina (USA). 814 square miles (2,108 square kilometers) divided almost equally between the two states. Only US national park created entirely from privately owned land. Dedicated by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Never called a "peace park" but meets all of the criteria of a "transfrontier conservtion area" (TFCA) as defined by the Peace Parks Foundation (PPF) or of a "transboundary protected area" (TBPA) as defined by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Click here for other peace parks.
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LDecember 10, 1945 - Nobel Peace Prize, Oslo (Norway). Awarded to Tennesseean Cordell Hull [1871-1555] who was unable to be present in Oslo for the award ceremony. "When WW-II ended in 1945, six years had already passed since the prize was last awarded. The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Red Cross organizations in Sweden and Norway were nominated for their wartime humanitarian efforts. Another nominee was American Secretary of State, Cordell Hull, primarily for his role in the planning of a new world organization, the United Nations. On November 27, 1944, the day Hull resigned from his post as US Secretary of State, former Norwegian Foreign Minister, adviser and Nobel Committee member Halvdan Koht, sent a letter to the committee containing a list of nominees: Cordell Hull, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Josef Stalin." Click to enlarge middle image which shows Philip Noel-Baker's nomination of Cordell Hull as written on a war ministry's letterhead.
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1955 - “The Singing Mural,” Ballroom, University Center, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). By muralist Marion Greenwood [1909-1970]. Depicting the music, dance, and folklore of Tennessee from the Mississippi on the left to the Appalachians on the right. Minority students complained that the Black cotton picker is a slave. Mural vandalized on May 18, 1970. Has been covered since May 1972. Uncovered briefly March 15-17, 2006, when these photos were taken by the Knoxville News Sentinel.
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1972? - James F. Corn Interpretive Center, Red Clay State Historic Park, 1140 Red Clay Park Road SW, Bradley County, Tennessee (USA). Near the Georgia state line about 17 miles SE of Chattanooga. "Site of the last seat of Cherokee government before removal to Oklahoma in 1838... Features exhibits about 19th century Cherokee culture, government, economy, recreation, religion and history. A series of stained glass windows depicts the forced removal of the Cherokee and subsequent Trail of Tears emigration. Outside there is a replica of a Cherokee farmstead, a Council House," and the "Eternal Flame of the Cherokee Nation" [in image]. Named for author James F. Corn [1894-1989].
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1974 - "Cherokee Chieftain" (Statue #9), Johnson Park, on Inman between Broad and Ocoee Streets, Cleveland, Tennessee (USA). Height 10 feet. Carved by Peter Wolf Toth whose "Trail of the Whispering Giants" has at least one Indian statue in every state.
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1986 - "Junaluska" (Statue #55), Knob Creek & Guaranda Roads, Johnson City, Tennessee (USA). Height 16 feet. Carved by Peter Wolf Toth.
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1976 - "United Nations Visit to Nashville" (historical marker), Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Text: "On June 7, 1976, 101 permanent representatives of the UN made a historic and unprecedented group visit to Nashville... [They] attended a forum at nearby Vanberbilt University, a special Tennessee luncheon in Centennial Park, and a special performance of the Grand Ole Opry. UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim [1918-2007] was presented the Cordell Hull Peace award [sic]... Historical Commission of Metropolitan Nashville and Davidson County. No. 70. Erected 1976." Cordell Hull [1871-1955] received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945. President Roosevelt called Hull the "Father of the UN." Click here for monuments related to all Nobel Peace Prize laureates. Click here for monuments related to the United Nations.
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1977 - Abraham Lincoln Library & Museum, Lincoln Memorial University (LMU), Harrogate, Tennessee (USA). "One of the most diverse Lincoln & Civil War collections in the country. Has many rare items - the cane Lincoln carried at Ford's Theatre, two life masks, the tea set he and Mary Todd used in their home in Springfield, and numerous other artifacts." Started in 1929 as a Lincoln collection in one room of Duke Hall. Made possible in 1974 by $500,000 from Colonel Harlan Sanders [1890-1980].
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1978 - Alex Haley Boyhood Home & Museum (Alex Haley State Historic Site), 200 South Church Street, Henning, Tennessee (USA). "Built in 1919 by Will E. Palmer, the maternal grandfather of Alex Haley [1921-1992]. From 1921 to 1929, & during some subsequent summers, Haley lived here with his grandparents. It was on the porch of this house that Haley heard from his grandmother the family stories that inspired him to write Roots: The Saga of an Amerian Family, retelling tales of his African ancestors who were brought to America as slaves. The work won him the 1976 Pulitzer Prize, and the book was presented in an eight- part television adaptation in 1977. Haley is buried on the grounds" (lower right image). New interpretive center (lower left image) was opened in 2008.
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May 31, 1982 - SunSphere, 1982 World's Fair, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). Theme structure of the 1982 World's Fair. Theme of the exposition was "Energy Turns the World." Click here for other peace towers.
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1986 - Sequoyah Birthplace Museum, Vonore, Tennessee (USA). "A property of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians (EBCI). Strives to promote the understanding and appreciation of the history of the Cherokee people." Sequoyah [c.1767-1843] was was a Cherokee silversmith who in 1821 completed his independent creation of a Cherokee syllabary, making reading and writing in Cherokee possible.
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1987 - Trail of Tears National Historic Trail. "'Designated' in 1987. Commemorates the removal of the Cherokee and the paths that 17 Cherokee detachments followed westward. Today the trail includes about 2,200 miles of land and water routes, and traverses portions of nine states (AL, AR, GA, KY, IL, MO, NC, OK & TN). The National Park Service (NPS) administers the trail through staff at an office in Santa Fe, New Mexico." Click here for "Places To Go" in each state." Click here for a number of historical markers along the eastern portion of the trail. Right image shows Pea Ridge, Arkansas.
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June 24, 1990 - "Silent Witness" Memorial, Gander Lake, Gander, Newfoundland (Canada). Memorizes 256 victims who died December 12, 1985, when Arrow Air Flight 1285 crashed while transporting Multinational Force Observers (MFO's) from the Sinai via Cairo to Ft. Campbell, Kentucky. Depicts an unarmed soldier holding the hands of two civilian children, each with an olive branch of peace. Sculpted by Stephen Sheilds of Hopkinsville, Kentucky.
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Date? - Arrow Air Flight 1285 Memorial, Ft. Campbell, Kentucky (USA).
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1991 - Pyramid Arena, Memphis, Tennessee (USA). Sixth largest pyramid in the world behind the Great Pyramid of Giza (456 ft), Khafre's Pyramid (448 ft), Luxor Hotel (348 ft), the Red Pyramid (341 ft) and the Bent Pyramid (332 ft), both in Dahshur.
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September 28, 1991 - National Civil Rights Museum (NCRM), Memphis, Tennessee (USA). Includes facade of Lorraine Motel where Martin Luther King, Jr., was assassinated on April 4, 1968. Lobby contains World Peace Flame (qv). Click here for the Wikipedia article. Entry #932 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Described on pages 321-322 of "A Traveller's Guide to the Civil Rights Movement" by Jim Carrier (2004). One of 27 US museums in "Museums for Peace Worldwide" edited by Kazuyo Yamane (2008). Click here for other musuems for peace. Visited by EWL.
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September 28, 1991 - "Movement to Overcome" (Civil Rights Monument), National Civil Rights Museum (NCRM), Memphis, Tennessee (USA). Bronze sculpture constructed on site by Michael Pavlovsky.
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Date? - World Wall for Peace (WWFP), Sevier Park Community Center, 12th Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). One of several WWFP's sponsored by the World Wall for Peace organization in Berkeley, California (USA). Click here for other peace walls.
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1995 - "Friendship Globe to the Children of the World," A.K. Bissell Park, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA). Donated to the city by the Oak Ridge Breakfast Rotary Club (ORBRC).
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May 3, 1996 - International Friendship Bell, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Represents 50th anniversary of the City of Oak Ridge. Paid for in part by contributons by the people of sister city Naka-Machi (Japan). Only inscriptions on the bell are PEACE, INTERNATIONAL FRIENDSHIP, and the dates of Pearl Harbor, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, and VJ Day. Bell cast by Sotetsu Iwazawa in Kyoto (Japan). Pavilion designed by Professor Jon Coddington. Click here for other peace bells.
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June 1996 - Mary Todd Lincoln House & Beula C. Nunn Garden, 578 West Main Street, Lexington, Kentucky (USA). Bult c.1803-6 as an inn called 'The Sign of the Green Tree,' operated by William P. Monteer who sold the property to Mary Todd's father in May 1832. She was 13 years old when the Todds moved there, and this was her home until she left to live with her sister Elizabeth Edwards in Springfield, Illinois, in 1839." Click here for other Lincoln monuments.
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1997 - Cordell Hull Birthplace & Museum State Park, 1300 Cordell Hull Memorial Drive, Byrdstown, Tennessee (USA). Preserves Hull's birthplace and various personal effects Hull donated to the citizens of Pickett County, including his 1945 Nobel Peace Prize. Cordell Hull [1871-1955] was Secretary of State 1933-1944. President Roosevelt called hime the "Father of the United Nations." Click here for monuments to all Nobel Peace Prize laureates.
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February 1998 - Alex Haley Statue, Alex Haley Heritage Square, Morningside Park, 1600 Dandridge Avenue, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). Child friendly 12 foot bronze statue of Pulitzer prize winner Alex Haley [1921-1992] who lived in nearby Clinton, Tennessee. Sculpted by Tina Allen [1950-2008], cast in bronze in NY City, and dedicated during Black History Month. In 1976 Haley published "Roots: The Saga of an American Family" which traced his origins back to Africa.
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December 31, 1999 - World Peace Bell, Newport, Kentucky (USA) -- just across Ohio River from Cincinnatti, Ohio. World's largest free-swinging bell. Dedicated on the eve of the new millenium. Cast in France in 1998. Not associated with World Peace Bell Association (Japan). Entry #355 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001). Click here for other peace bells.
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About 2000 - Peace Bell, Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance (OREPA), Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA). Portable bell made from war surplus osygen tank. Used during protests at the Y-12 National Security Complex. Photo shows Motoko Fujishiro Huthwaite (Moderator of Presbyterian Women in the Presbytery of Detroit) ringing the bell at the OREPA protest on August 6, 2009 (Hiroshima Day).
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October 20, 2001 - Kentucky Memorial, Kentucky Avenue, Vicksburg, Mississippi (USA). "Soldiers from Kentucky fought on both sides of the Battle. The Memorial is a statue of Presidents Lincoln and Davis (both Kentucky natives) with words from both of them calling for reconciliation between the North and South. At the start of the war Kentucky declared itself to be Neutral and only sided with Union after a Confederate invasion. Even so, the Conferdacy still had support there and was able to recruit soldiers both then and during a later invasion in 1862." Click here for other Civil War peace monuments. Built by State of Kentucky.
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November 9, 2001 - Holocaust Maenmal der Kinder / Children's Holocaust Memorial, Whitwell Middle School, 1130 Main Street, Whitwell, Marion County, Tennessee (USA). "An authentic German railcar filled with 11 million paper clips (6 million for murdered Jews & 5 million for Gypsies, homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, and other groups). Dedicated on the anniversary of Kristallnacht. A sculpture designed by an artist from Ooltewah, TN, stands next to the car, memorializing the 1.5 million children murdered by the Nazis and incorporating another 11 million paper clips." Click here for the Wikipedia article.
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EJanuary-May 2002 - Hiroshima Flame Interfaith Peace Walk. From Seattle, Washington, via Oak Ridge, Tennessee, to the United Nations in New York, New York (USA). Click here for other peace flames.
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June 9, 2002 - Twin Towers (9/11 Sculpture), American Museum of Science & Energy (AMSE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA). 13-foot scale model of the twin towers at World Trade Center (WTC) in New York City welded from scrap metal by Alex Limor of Limor Steel in Nashville. Photo by EWL. Click here for other 9/11 monuments.
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September 11, 2002 - Patriots Peace Memorial, River Road east of Zorn Avenue (next to Thurman-Hutchins Park), Louisville, Kentucky (USA).
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September 27, 2002 - World Peace Flame (WPF #2), National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis, Tennessee (USA). At site of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s, assassination on April 4, 1968. Second of several WPF's sponsored by the World Peace Flame Foundation in Heteren (Netherlands). Original WPF is at the Peace Palace in The Hague (Netherlands). Click here for other peace flames. Photo by EWL.
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July 2003 - "The Last Concert," World's Fair Park, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). 12-ft. bronze sculpture of the famous Russian born composer and pianist, Sergei Rachmaninoff [1873-1943]. Shows him as he appeared at what proved to be his final public concert held February 17, 1943, at the Alumni Gymnasium, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. The concert included Chopin's Piano Sonata No. 2, which contains the famous Marche funèbre / Funeral March. Sculpted by Victor Bokarev.
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October 11, 2003 - "Musica," Roundabout, Music Row, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Features nine nude figures, male and female, dancing in a circular composition approximately 38 feet (11.5 m) tall. Largest sculpture commission to date for Nashville sculptor Alan LeQuire, and currently the largest sculpture group in the USA. Symbolizes Nashville's music business but expresses positive exuberence similar to some peace monuments, e.g. Constellation Earth in Nagasaki (Japan) & Bluffton, Ohio (USA).
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April 2005 - Statue of William T.Sergeant (Rotary Centennial Sculpture), Krutch Park, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). A Knoxville Rotarian since 1947, "William T.Sergeant seems 'larger than life' because of his tireless efforts and steely resolve to eradicate polio during his lifetime. He was chair of the Intl. PolioPlus Committee (IPPC) 1994-2005. IPPC directs the efforts of the regional and national Polioplus committees and mobilizes hundreds of thousands of volunteers to support eradication efforts. The statue shows Sergeant in a familiar pose, administering polio vaccine to a child. " Sculpted by Hungarian artist Tajos Biro.
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August 9, 2005 - Commemoration of the 60th anniversary of the non-use of nuclear weapons (60th anniversary of Nagasaki) at the International Friendship Bell, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (USA). Led by Rev. R. Boyd Carter, Chapel on the Hill (far right). Attended by Dr. Alvin Weinberg (in wheelchair) and other nuclear scientists. Shikego Uppuluri plays the koto. Elise Campbell plays the flute.
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Fall 2005 - Four-sided Peace Pole on driveway of a private home, George Williams Road, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). This pole has "May Peace Prevail on Earth" in English, Espagnol / Spanish, Français / French & Tsalagi / Cherokee. Photo by EWL. Click here for more information about peace poles.
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November 19, 2005 - Muhammad Ali Center, Louisville, Kentucky (USA). Exhibits Ali's core values on respect, confidence, conviction, dedication, charity, and spirituality. "Hope and Dream" exhibit is composed of over 5,000 tiles with drawings and paintings from children from 141 countries, telling what they want to be when they grow up. The "Global Voices" exhibit asks questions to both children and adults from around the world with answers submitted through a variety of media, such as drawings and poems.
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About 2006 - Cherokee Removal Memorial Park, 6800 Blythe Ferry Lane, Birchwood, Meigs County, Tennessee (USA). "The Trail Where They Cried." Near Blythe Ferry (right image) where about 9,000 Cherokees crossed the Tennessee River in 1838 en route to Indian Territory (Oklahoma). Includes pavilion (lower image) overlooking Blythe Ferry Goose Management Area.
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About 2006 - "Trail of Tears" historical marker, Ross's Landing Park & Plaza, Tennessee River, Chattanooga, Tennessee (USA). Marks the beginning of the Trail of Tears. Labeled "Alabama-Tennessee Trail of Tears Corridor Committee" and paid for by from proceeds of the Trail of Tears Commemorative Motorcycle Ride.
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2006 - Green McAdoo Cultural Center & Museum, Clinton, Tennessee (USA). Celebrates the "Clinton 12," the first students to desegregate a state-supported high school in the South. Bronze sculpture by William F. (Bill) Duffy dedicated on May 17, 2007.
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August 26, 2006 - "Tennessee Woman Suffrage Memorial," Market Square, Knoxville, Tennessee (USA). Statues of 3 women from East, Middle & West Tennessee by Nashville sculptor Alan LeQuire. On August 26, 1920, the Tennessee legislature ratified the 19th Amendment by a single vote, thus bringing suffrage to all women in the USA after many years' sturggle by "suffragettes" such as the 3 leaders in this memorial.
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1997 - Women Suffrage Memorial, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Also by Alan LeQuire.
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October 22, 2006 - Nashville Holocaust Memorial, Gordon Jewish Community Center, 801 Percy Warner Boulevard, Nashville, Tennessee (USA). Sculptor Alex Limor (whose parents were both holocaust survivors), Limor Steel, Nashville, created the memorial's centerpiece: A large bronze book with missing or tattered pages filled with silhouettes of nameless faces to represent the status of European Jewry. Also has memorial wall inscribed with the names of deceased Holocaust survivors and victims and an eternal flame. Two quotations on entrance panel: George Santayana [1863-1952]: Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Edmund Burke [1729-1797]: " All that is necessary for the triumph of evil is that good men do nothing.”
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LDecember 10, 2007 - Nobel Peace Prize, Oslo (Norway). Awarded to Tennesseean Al Gore [b. 1948] and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
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Future - Smoky Mountains Peace Pagoda, Nipponzan Myohoji, Newport, Tennessee (USA). Under construction by Atlanta Dojo, Atlanta (Georgia). Click here to see Brother Gyoshu Utsumi. Click here for other peace pagodas.
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