Distribution of 1,854 Peace Monuments Among 41 Different Physical Forms Ranked by Date of Oldest Known Example

Based on a dataset of 1,854 peace monuments from all around the world, this chart shows two things:

(1) the approximate distribution of the 1,854 monuments among 41 categories based on their physical form, and

(2) the approximate evolution of peace monuments over time from the earliest forms two or more millennia ago to the most recent forms invented since World War II.

N.B. There is some overlap among the physical forms. (For example, there is no clear distinction between a "park" and a "garden.") So there is some double counting among the 41 categories (resulting in a overcount of monuments). But, at the same time, many peace monuments shown on other pages of this website are, for one reason or another, not included in this dataset (resulting in an even greater undercount of monuments).

Thirty-seven of the 41 categories pertain to "static" monuments, i.e. monuments intended to be permanent. Four categories (Peace Museums, Holocaust Museums, Other "Museums for Peace" & Peace Camps) are living institutions and total 27 percent of the dataset.

Num- ber	Physical Form	Oldest Example So Far Identified Anywhere in the World	Other Example Outside the USA	Other Example Inside the USA	Note
41	Stones, Rocks, Cairns & Slabs	Ancient - Lion & Lamb Peak, Cumbria, England	1967 - All Nations Peace & Reconciliation Memorial, Friedland, Germany	1981 - Temple of Tolerance, 203 S Wood St, Wapakoneta, Ohio
41	Olive Trees & Branches	Ancient - Olive Tree of Vouves, Greece	1991 - Park of Olives, near Ramat Rachel Kibbutz, Jerusalem, Israel	1911 - Old Guard Peace Mon, Piedmont Park, Atlanta, Georgia
57	Mosaics & Paintings	2600-2400 BCE - Standard of Ur, London, England	1648 - "Ratification of Treaty of Münster" by Gerard Ter Borch, London, England	c1833 - "Peaceable Kingdom" by Edward Hicks, Worcester, MA
29	Statues	c20 BC - Augustus of Prima Porta, Prima Porta, near Rome, Italy	1992 - "Hands Across the Divide," Craigavon Bridge, Londonderry, N. Ireland	1936 - "Vision of Peace," City Hall, St. Paul, Minnesota	Excluding Gandhi
34	Temples, Chapels & Churches	AD 75 - Temple of Peace, Forum of Vespasian, Rome, Italy	1971 - Capilla de la Paz, Acapulco, Mexico	1813 - Ahu'ena Heiau, Kailua-Kona, Big Island, Hawai'i
41	Towers	15th Century - Bao'ensi / Temple of Gratitude, Yangtze River, China	1930 - IJzertoren Museum of War, Peace & Flemish Emancipation, Diksmuide/Dixmude, Belgium	1910 - NY Peace Monument, Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga, TN
9	Inuksuit (Arctic)	Ancient - Inuksuit, Nunavut, Canada	2009 - Inuksuk, Auroville, Tamil Nadu, India	>1989 - Inuksuk, Canadian Embassy, Washington, DC
27	Graves & Tombs	c1536 - Tomb of Erasmus, Basler Münster, Basel, Switzerland	1910 - Grave of Henri Dunant, Friedhof Zürich-Sihlfeld, Switzerland	1852 - Grave of Frances Wright, Spring Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio
24	Prisons	Date? - St. George's Castle, Elmina, Ghana	1993 - Robben Island Museum, Robben Island, South Africa	2008 - Tule Lake Segregation Center, Tule Lake, California
40	Bridges & Dams	1593 - Friendship Bridge, Hòa An, Vietnam	2004 - Passerelle des Deux Rives, Rhine River, Strasbourg/Kehl, France/Germany	1927 - Peace Bridge, Buffalo/Fort Erie, USA/Canada
35	Boats & Ships	1598 - "De Liefde/Love," Tokyo, Japan	1976 - Display House of the Fifth Lucky Dragon, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan	2009 - Vietnamese Boat People Monument, Westminster, California
17	Stained Glass Windows	c1660 - "Dove of the Holy Spirit," Basilica of St. Peter, Vatican City	1918? - Edith Cavell Memorial Window, Swardeston, Norfolk, England	1964 - "Peace & Human Happiness," United Nations, NY
44	Trees & Groves	1682 - Treaty Elm, Sackamaxon, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA	1898 - Arbol de la Paz / Tree of Peace, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba	1910 - Peace Tree, Organization of American States, Washington, DC	See Gardens
33	Buildings & Houses	1722 - Fredensborg Slot Castle, near Copenhagen, Denmark	1925 - Beit el-Amani / Peace Memorial Museum, Mnazi Moja, Zanzibar, Tanzania	1914 - Merrill House, Church Peace Union (CPU), New York, NY
61	Sculpture	c1735 - "Allegory of Peace," Bolshoy Catherine Palace, Russia	2004 - Peace Sculpture, Woodstock School, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India	1959 - "Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares," United Nations, NY	See Statues
27	Arches	1793 - "Goddess of Peace," Brandenburg Gate, Berlin, Germany	1838 - Arco della Pace / Arch of Peace, Parco Sempione, Milan, Italy	1921 - International Peace Arch, Blaine/Douglas, WA/BC
10	Roads & Streets	c1816 - Rue de la Paix, Paris, France	Date? - Peace Avenue / Enkh Taivny Urgon Chuloo, Ulaanbaatar/Ulan Bator, Mongolia	- Martin Luther King, Jr., Boulevard, many places
71	Parks (Small)	1851 - Friendship Park, San Diego/Tijuana, USA/Mexico	1914 - Morokulien, Norway/Sweden	c1908 - Peace Park, Hopkinsville, Kentucky	See Parks (Transboundary)
391	"Museums for Peace"	1856 - Canadian Museum of Civilization, Gatineau, Quebec	1988 - International Red Cross & Red Crescent Museum, Geneva, Switzerland	1991 - National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis, Tennessee	See Holocaust & Peace Museums
33	Fountains	1865 - Buxton Memorial Fountain, London, England	1930 - Shrine Peace Memorial, Toronto, Ontario, Canada	2002 - World Peace Prayer Fountain, Fayetteville, Arkansas
32	Furniture	1869 - Treaty Table, White House, Washington, DC, USA	1938 - Peace Table, Tg-Jiu, Gorj, Romania	1986 - Peace Table, Cathedral of St. John the Divine, New York, NY
42	Bells (Western)	1893 - Columbian Liberty Bell, Chicago, Illinois, USA	1977 - Peace Bell, Hill of Yamazato, Nagasaki, Japan	1999 - World Peace Bell, Newport, Kentucky
66	Murals	1896 - "Peace & War," Library of Congress, DC, USA	2004 - Bogside Peace Mural, Londonderry, Northern Ireland	1998 - Peace Wall, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania	See Walls
32	Crosses	1898 - Peace Cross, Washington, DC, USA	1904 - Cristo Redentor de los Andes/Christ of the Andes,, Argentina/Chile	1956 - Peace Cross, Holy Land USA, Pine Hill, Waterbury, Connecticut	See Churches
38	Peace Museums	1902-1920 - International Museum of War & Peace, Lucerne, Switzerland	1992 - Kyoto Musuem for World Peace, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan	2005 - Dayton International Peace Museum, Dayton, Ohio	See Museums for Peace
101	Pagodas & Stupas	1908 - "The Pagoda," Mount Penn, Reading, Pennsylvania, USA	2010 - Global Vipassana Peace Pagoda, Gorai Creek, Mumbai, India	1993 - Grafton Peace Pagoda (Nipponzan Myohoji), Petersburg, NY	1 added 08Oct11
30	Flames & Beacons	1910 - Angel de la Independencia, Paseo de la Reforma, Mexico City, Mexico	2007 - John Lennon "Imagine Peace" Tower, Videy Island, Reykjavik, Iceland	2002 - Torch of Friendship, San Antonio, Texas
110	Gardens	1910 - Japanese Garden of Peace, London, England	1958 - Jardin Japonais de la Paix, UNESCO Headquarters, Paris, France	1932 - International Peace Garden, ND/Manitoba, USA/Canada
9	Parks (Trans- boundary)	1914 - Fredsmonument, Morokulien, Norway/Sweden	1988 - Parque Internacional La Amistad, Costa Rica/Panama	1932 - Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, Canada/USA	See Parks (Small)
20	Walls	1926 - Great Frieze of War & Peace, Kansas City, Missouri, USA	2000 - Le Mur pour la Paix, Champs de Mars, Paris, France	1997 - Peace Wall & Moon Gate, Bluffton University Ohio	See Murals
7	Clocks	1927 - Peace Tower of Victory & Peace, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada	1989 - Berlin Peace Clock, Juwelier Lorenz, Berlin, Germany	1966 - Floral Peace Clock, International Peace Garden, ND/Manitoba, USA/Canada
28	Trails & Walks	1928 - Madonna of the Trail, Springfield, Ohio, USA	>1997 - Fridensglocken-Wanderweg, Mösern bei Seefeld, Austria	2008 - Atlanta Peace Trails (APT), Atlanta, Georgia
28	Markers & Plaques	1935 - Rush-Bagot Mem Tablet, 2425 L St, Washington, DC, USA	2002 - Blue Plaque for Bertrand Russell, London, England	1974 - Lucretia Mott marker, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania	Counted 07Sep11
62	Holocaust Museums	1947 - Memorial & Museum, Auschswitz, Poland	1953 - Yad Vashem Holocaust Memorial, Jerusalem, Israel	1993 - US Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC	See Museums for Peace
30	Statues of Gandhi	<1948 - Before Gandhi's death? In India?	Date? - "Gyarah Murti / Eleven Figures," Willingdon Crescent, New Delhi, India	1988 - Ferry Building, San Francico, California	See other Statues
69	Bells (Asian)	1949 - Bell of Peace, Tamon-in Temple, Hiroshima, Japan	1964 - Peace Bell, Peace Memorial Park, Hiroshima, Japan	1996 - International Friendship Bell, Oak Ridge, Tennessee	See Bells (Western)
69	Peace Poles	1955 - World Peace Prayer Society founded by Masahisa Goi, Japan	Date? - Allenby Bridge, Jordan River, Palestine/Jordan	2003 - 84 Peace Poles, International Peace Gardens, Jordan Park, Salt Lake City, Utah
15	CND Peace Symbol	>1958 - Probably somewhere in the UK after CND's Aldermaston March.	2007 - Solar Peace Sculpture, University of Saarland, Saarbrüken, Germany	1984 - John Lennon Memorial, Strawberry Fields, Central Park, New York City, New York
12	Pink Triangle	c1980 - Rosa Winkel/Pink Triangle, Germany	1987 - Homomonument, Keizersgracht Canal, Amsterdam, Netherlands	2003 - Pink Triangle Park & Memorial, Castro, San Francisco, CA
16	Peace Camps	1981 - Concepcion Picciotto, Lafayette Square, White House, Washington, DC, USA	1982 - Faslane Peace Camp, Faslane Naval Base, Argyll & Bute, Scotland	1986 - Peace Farm, Pantex Plant, US Highway 60, Panhandle, Texas	Counted 08Oct11
5	Gongs	c2003 - World Peace Gong, Jepara, Indonesia	2006 - World Peace Gong #2, Gandhi Smriti, Birla Bhavan / Birla House, New Delhi, India	None in USA
1,854	Total