Monuments about Peacemakers, Pacifism & Conscientious Objection

"Blessed are the peacemakers: for they shall be called the children of God." Matthew 5:9.

N.B. This web page includes all known pacifist and conscientious objector monuments, group peacemaker monuments,
and monuments for individual peacemakers not shown on other web pages.

Click here for Wikipedia's list of peace activists.
Click here for list of "Architects of Peace" maintained at Santa Clara University.
Click here for home page which names individual peacemakers shown on other web pages.
Click here for monuments about Mahatma Gandhi. Click here for monuments about Martin Luther King, Jr.
Click here for monuments about all other Nobel Peace Prize laureates (& some Literature Prize laureates).
Click here for monuments about Quaker peacemakers.
Click here for names of all 144 recipients of the Peace Abbey Courage of Conscience Award.
Click here for names of recipients of the annual Community of Christ International Peace Award.
Click here for quotations from famous peacemakers -- from the Pacifist Memorial, Sherborn, Massachsetts (USA).
Click here for list of 50 contemporary peacemakers by Susan Skog, author of "Peace in Our Lifetime."
Click here for a "Guide to the Political Left" (1,318 biographies by right wing authors)

Click here for an interactive list and shetches of more than 1,000 "Heroes for a Culture of Peace." Click here for a smiliar list of "Heroes for a Better World."

Click here for the names of 1,000 women nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005 by an international secretariat in Bern (Switzerland).

Click here for photographs of these 42 famous peacemakers (all of whom are also listed below in birth order).

Jane Addams, Muhammad Ali, Joan Baez, Judi Bari, Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Fr. Roy Bourgois, Helen Caldicott, Cesar Chavez, Ernesto Cortes, The Dalai Lama, Dorothy Day, Adolfo Perez Esquivel, Mahatma Gandhi, Thich Nhat Hanh, Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi, The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Ron Kovic, Aung San Suu Kyi, Nelson Mandela, Thomas Merton, A. J. Muste, Fridtjof Nansen, Linus Pauling, Peace Pilgrim, Sr. Helen Prejean, Jeanette Rankin, Bishop Oscar Romero, Bertrand Russell, Albert Schweitzer, Chief Seattle, Pete Seeger, Tom Slick, Samantha Smith, The Rev. Leon Sullivan, Emma Tenayuca, Mother Teresa, Henry David Thoreau, Bishop Desmond Tutu, Lech Walesa, Elie Wiesel, Jody Williams, and Leyla Zana.

= Buddhist
= Christian
= Jewish
= Quaker (Friend)
= Unitarian and/or Universalist

= Member of Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) - founded in 1914.
= Member of Woman's International League for Peace & Freedom (WILPF) - founded in 1915.
= Member of War Resisters International (WRL) - founded in 1921 -
and/or Committee for Non-Violent Action (CNVA) - founded in 1957 (merged in 1968).
= Member of Catholic Worker Movement - founded in 1933.
= Member of World Federalist Movement (WFM) - reorganized in 1947.
= Member of Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament - founded in 1957.
= Member of Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE) - founded in 1957 (now Peace Action).
= Sailed on Nuclear Testing Protest Boat (1958-1962).
= Associated with International Network of Museums for Peace (INMP) - founded in 1992.
= Member of Peace & Justice Studies Association (PJSA) - founded in 2001 - or other peace scholar.

= US President, Vice President, Secretary of State or US Congress.
= Related to the United Nations
= Related to the Red Cross.
= Related to Hiroshima and/or Nagasaki (Japan).
= Article in Oxford International Encyclopedia of Peace edited by Nigel Young (2010) - Complete list

= Received Presidental Medal of Freedom from the US Government.
= Received Courage of Conscience Award from the Peace Abbey, Sherborn, Massachusetts (USA).
= Received Freedom Award from National Civil Rights Museum, Memphis, Tennessee (USA).
= Received Gandhi Peace Award from Promoting Enduring Peace, New Haven, Connecticut (USA).
= Received International Peace Award from Community of Christ, Independence, Missouri (USA).
= Received Nobel Peace Prize from Nobel Committee, Oslo (Norway) - Complete list
= Received Albert Schweitzer Prize for Humanitarianism, Boston, Massachusetts (USA).
= One of 1,000 Peace Women nominiated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 2005.

FAMOUS PEACEMAKERS (birth order):

1181-1226 - Saint Francis of Assisi.
1466-1536 - Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam - Wrote "Dulce Bellus Inexpertis" in 1517.
1478-1535 - Saint Thomas More.
1493-1540 - Juan Luis Vives.
1583-1645 - Hugo Grotius.
1591-1643 - Anne Hutchinson - Click here for monuments in Massachusetts (USA).
1592-1670 - Jan Amos Comenius.

1603-1683 - Roger Williams.
1611-1660 - Mary Dyer - Click here for Quaker monuments.
1624-1691 - George Fox - Click here for Quaker monuments.
1632-1677 - Baruch Spinoza.
1644-1718 - William Penn - "Early champion of democracy & religious freedom." Click here for Quaker monuments.
1658-1743 - Abbé de Saint-Pierre.
1694-1778 - Voltaire.

1711-1776 - David Hume.
1712-1778 - Jean Jacques Rousseau.
1720-1772- John Woolman.
1724-1804 - Immanuel Kant Wrote "Towards Perpetual Peace" in 1795.
1725-1807 - John Newton - Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1729-1797 - Edmund Burke. See statue in Washington, DC (USA).
1731-1809- Benjamin Banneker - African-American surveyor & mathematician.
1733-1804 - Joseph Priestley - Discovered oxygen.
c1735-1807- Prince Hall - Abolitionist. Founder of "Black Freemasonry."
1737-1809- Thomas Paine - Wrote "Common Sense" in 1776 & "Rights of Man" in 1791.
1741-1815 - John Murray - Founder of Universalism in America. Husband of Judith Sargent Murray (qv).
1745-1813 - Benjamin Rush - Click here for monuments in Pennsylvania (USA).
c1745-1797 - Olaudah Equiano - Abolitionist. Former Slave.
1748-1832 - Jeremy Bentham.

1751-1820 - Judith Sargent Stevens Murray. Wife of John Murray (qv).
1759-1833 - William Wilberforce - Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1771-1858 - Robert Owen - Founded New Lanark (Scotland) & New Harmony, Indiana (USA).
1780-1845 - Elizabeth Fry - Prison reformer.
1780-1849 - Edward Hicks - Click here for peace art.
1786-1866 - Chief Seattle - Native American.
1787-1875 - Guillaume Henri Dufour - Click here for monuments related to the Red Cross.
1793-1859 - Joseph Sturge. - Click here for Quaker monuments.
1793-1880 - Lucretia Mott. - Click here for Quaker monuments.
1795-1852 - Frances Wright - Founded interracial commune of Nashoba in Tennessee (USA) in 1825.
1796-1859 - Horace Mann - Advocate of educaton reform & women's rights. First president of Antioch College.
1797-1856 - Heinrich Heine.

1801-1876 - Samuel Gridley Howe - Educator of the blind. Husband of Julia Ward Howe.
1802-1887 - Dorothea Dix - Activist on behalf of the indigent insane.
1803-1880 - Adin Ballou.
1804-1865 - Richard Cobden - Helped found Anti-Corn Law League. Click here for peace monuments in England.
1804-1878 - George Thompson - Abolitionist & civil rights advocate.
1804-1865 - William Gaskell - Education reformer. Husband of novelist Elizabeth Gaskell.
1805-1879 - Angelina Grimké Weld - Abolitionist & Suffragist.
1805-1879 - William Lloyd Garrison - Abolitionist. Helped found American Anti-Slavery Society.
1806-1873 - John Stuart Mill.
1809-1865 - Abraham Lincoln - Click here for monuments related to Lincoln.

1810-1850 - Margaret Fuller Ossoli.
1810-1860 - Theodore Parker.
1810-1879 - Elihu Burritt - Opposed slavery, worked for temperance & tried to achieve world peace..
1810-1898 - Robert Purvis - African-American abolitionist..
1811-1889 - John Bright - Helped found Anti-Corn Law League. Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1811-1996 - Harriet Beecher Stowe - Abolitionist. Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin in 1852.
1812-1888 - Henry Richard - See below.
1815-1902 - Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Suffragist.
1816-1884 - William Wells Brown - Abolitionist. Former slave.
1817-1862 - Henry David Thoreau - Wrote "Resistance to Civil Government" in 1849 & "Walden" in 1854.
1818-1895 - Frederick Douglass - Former slave. Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1819-1897 - Julia Ward Howe - Abolitionist. Wrote "Battle Hymn of the Republic" in 1862. Wife of Samuel Gridley Howe.

1820-1906 - Susan B. Anthony - Suffragist.
1820-1910 - Florence Nightengale - Click here for monuments related to the Red Cross.
1820-1913 - Harriet Tubman - Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1821-1912 - Clara Barton - Click here for monuments related to the Red Cross.
1822-1912 - Frédéric Passy - Co-founder of the of Interparliamentary Union in 1889. 1901 with Henri Dunant
1824-1864 - Thomas Starr King.
1824-1894 - Ranald MacDonald - Click here for Japanese-American monuments.
1828-1908 - Randal Cremer - Co-founder of the of Interparliamentary Union in 1889. 1903
1828-1910 - Henri Dunant - Click here for monuments related to the Red Cross. 1901 with Frédéric Passy
1828-1910 - Leo Tolstoy - Wrote "War and Peace" & "Anna Karenina."
1829-1912 - Auguste Beernaert. 1909

1832-1907 - Moncure Daniel Conway.
1833-1896 - Alfred Nobel - Click here for monuments related to the Nobel Peace Prize.
1833-1899 - Robert G. Ingersoll.
1833-1906 - Élie Ducommun - First director of International Peace Bureau (IPB) in 1891. 1902 with Albert Gobat
1833-1918 - Ernesto Teodoro Moneta. See statue in Milan (Italy). 1907 with Louis Renault
1835-1910 - Mark Twain.
1835-1919 - Andrew Carnegie.
1836-1902 - Jan Bloch - Click here for peace museums.
1837-1922 - Fredrik Bajer - A founder & 1st president of International Peace Bureau. 1908 with Klas Pontus Arnoldson
1837-1930 - Mother Jones - Co-founded Industrial Workers of the World.
1838-1913 - Tobias Asser. 1911 with Afred Fried
1839-1897 - Henry George - Click here for monuments related to George & 7 others.

1841-1932 - Ferdinand Buisson. 1927 with Ludwig Quidde
1842-1910 - Wlliam James.
1843-1914 - Baroness Bertha von Suttner - Wrote ""Lay Down Your Arms!" in 1889. See Nobel Prize monuments. 1905
1843-1914 - Albert Gobat - First secretary general of Interparliamentary Union. 1902 with Élie Ducommun
1843-1918 - Louis Renault. 1907 with Ernesto Teodoro Moneta
1843-1918 - Jenkin Lloyd Jones - Created the Abraham Lincoln Centre in 1905.
1844-1916 - Klas Pontus Arnoldson. 1908 Fredric Bajer
1845-1937 - Senator Elihu Root - President of Carneigie Endowment for International Peace 1910-1925. 1912
1847-1929 - Dame Milicent Fawcett. Worked with Emily Hobhouse (qv).
1848-1887 - Albert Parsons - Labor leder. Husband of Lucy González Parsons. Hanged after the Haymarket Riot in 1886.
1849-1912 - William Thomas Stead - Duplicate monuments in London (Victoria Embankment) & New York City (Central Park).

1851-1925 - Léon Bourgeois. 1920
1851-1926 - Lizzie Crozier French - Suffragist. Click here for monuments in Tennessee (USA).
1852-1924 - Paul Henri d'Estournelles de Constant. 1909
1853-1942 - Lucy González Parsons - Labor leader. Probably born a slive. Outlived husband Albert Parsons by 55 years..
1854-1929 - Aletta Jacobs.
1854-1943 - Henri La Fontaine. 1913
1855-1926 - Eugene V. Debs - Co-founded Industrial Workers of the World.
1856-1915 - Keir Hardie.
1856-1924 - Woodrow Wilson - Helped found the League of Nations in 1919. 1919
1856-1937 - Frank Billings Kellogg - Co-authored the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928. 1929
1856-1940 - Harriot Stanton Blatch - Suffragist. Daughter of Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
1857-1892 - Ueki Emori - Part of Freedom & People's Rights Movement. Honored at Kyoto Museum for World Peace.
1857-1941 - Robert Baden-Powell - Founded the Scout Movement in 1907.
1858-1919 - Theodore Roosevelt. 1906
1858-1928 - Emmeline Goulden Pankhurst - Suffragist. Mother of Sylvia Pankhurst (qv).
1858-1941 - Ludwig Quidde. 1927 with Ferdnand Buisson
1859-1947 - Carrie Chapman Catt - Suffragist.
1859-1952 - John Dewey.

1860-1925 - Hjalmar Branting. See Branting Monument in Stockholm (Sweden). 1921 with Christian Lange
1860-1926 - Emily Hobhouse. See below. Sister of Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse. Worked with Dame Milicent Fawcett.
1860-1935 - Jane Addams - Click here for monuments in Illinois (USA). 1931 with Nicholas Murray Butler
1860-1945 - Sidney Gulick - Click here for Japanese-American monuments.
1861-1930 - Fridtjof Nansen - Click here for monuments related to the Nobel Peace Prize. 1922
1862-1932 - Aristide Briand - Co-authored the Kellogg-Briand Pact in 1928. 1926 with Gustav Stresemann
1862-1947 - Nicholas Murray Butler. 1931 with Jane Addams
1862->1948 - Zonia Baber - Wrote "Peace Symbols" about peace monuments for the WILPF.
1862-1951 - Ella Reeve Bloor (Mother Bloor).
1863-1902 - Swami Vivekananda - Introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the World's Religions at Chicago (USA) in 1893.
1863-1927 - Shiga Shigetaka - Widely traveled geographer & internationalist. Popularized the Japanese landscape.
1863-1935 - Arthur Henderson. 1934
1863-1937 - Sir Austen Chamberlain. 1925 with Charles G. Dawes
1863-1952 - George Santayama.
1864-1921 - Alfred Fried - Click here for monuments related to the Nobel Peace Prize. 1911 with Tobias Asser
1864-1929 - Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse. Liberal politician. Brother of Emily Hobhouse (qv).
1864-1958 - Robert Cecil. 1937
1865-1915 - Edith Cavell - Click here for monuments related to Edith Cavell.
1865-1945 - Monsignor John A. Ryan - Catholic theologian. Promoted "social justice".
1865-1951 - Charles G. Dawes. See Dawes house in Evanston, Illinois (USA). 1925 with Sir Austen Chamberlain
1865-1955 - John R. Mott. 1946 with Emily Greene Balch
1866-1931 - Nathan Söderblom. 1930
1866-1944 - Romain Rolland - Dramatist, novelist, essayist & mystic. Received Nobel Prize for Literature. 1915
1867-1945 - Käthe Schmidt Kollwitz - Painter & sculptor of the victims of poverty, hunger & war..
1867-1961 - Emily Greene Balch. 1946 with John R. Mott
1868-1942 - Paul P. Harris - Click here for monuments related to Rotary International.
1869-1938 - Christian Lange. 1921 with Hjalmar Branting
1869-1940 - Emma Goldman - Created "Mother Earth" magazaine in 1906.
1869-1948 - Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - See monuments in India and monuments elsewhere. Posthumous
1869-1970 - Alice Hamilton - Peace activist & first woman on faculty of Harvard Medical School.

1870-1952 - Maria Montessori - Created the Montessori system of education.
1871-1955 - Cordell Hull - "Father of the United Nations." Click here for monuments in Tennessee (USA). 1945
1872-1951 - Hamilton Holt - Click here for monuments in Florida (USA).
1872-1967 - Sir Norman Angell - Helped found Union of Democratic Control in 1914. 1933
1872-1970 - Bertrand Russell - Click here for monuments in London (England). 1950
1874-1947 - Nicholas Roerich - Click here for special webpage about Roerich. 1935

1875-1944 - Lola Maverick Lloyd - Friend of Rosika Schwimmer (qv). Mother of Georgia Lloyd (qv).
1875-1955 - Thomas Mann - Novelist, short story writer, social critic, philanthropist & essayist. 1929
1875-1965 - Albert Schweitzer - Click here for monuments in France. 1952
1876-1956 - Maude Royden. Founded the Society for the Ministry of Women.
1876-1958 - Mary Ritter Beard - Historian & suffragist. Friend of Rosika Schwimmer (qv).
1877-1933 - Henry Hodgkin - Co-founded FOR (England) in 1914. First director of Pendle Hill (USA) in 1930.
1877-1948 - Rosika Schwimmer - World federalistst. Born in Hungary and lived in USA but became stateless.
1877-1949 - Peter Maurin. Co-founded the Catholic Worker Movement with Dorothy Day (qv).
1878-1916 - Francis Sheehy-Skeffington - Click here for monuments in Ireland.
1878-1929 - Gustav Stresemann. 1926 with Aristide Briand
1878-1959 - Carlos Saavedra Lamas. 1936
1878-1965 - Martin Buber.
1878-1968 - Upton Sinclair.
1878-1975 - Arthur Ernest Morgan - Click here for monuments related to Morgan & 7 others.
1879-1945 - Pierre Creesole - Founded Service Civil International in 1920.
1879-1954 - Léon Jouhaux. 1951
1879-1955 - Albert Einstein. 1921
1879-1964 - John Haynes Holmes - Declared Gandhi "The Greatest Man in the World" in April 1921. 1961

1880-1971 - Lord Boyd Orr. 1949
1880-1973 - Jeannette Rankin - See below.
1881-1928 - Crystal Eastman - Co-founded Women's Peace Party in 1915 & American Civil Liberties Union in 1920.
1881-1953 - Lewis Fry Richardson.
1881-1963 - Pope John XXIII - Author of the encyclical Pacem in Terris in 1963. 2004
1882-1950 - John Rabe - See below.
1882-1960 - Sylvia Pankhurst - Daughter of Emmeline Goulden Pankhurst. Click here for monuments in London (England).
1882-1967 - Greenville Clark - Wrote "World Peace Through World Law" in 1958 with Louis B. Sohn.
1883-1938 - Bartholomeus (Bart) de Ligt - Click here for monuments in the Netherlands.
1883-1931 - Kahlil Gibran - See below.
1883-1979 - Cyrus S. Eaton. Founded the Pugwash Conferences which received the Nobel Peace Prize. 1995
1883-1983 - Scott Nearing - Husband of Helen Knothe Nearing with whom he co-authored "Living the Good Life" in 1954.
1884-1962 - Eleanor Roosevelt - Wife of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. 1960
1884-1965 - Clarence E. Pickett - Directed AFSC which received Nobel Peace Prize. Click here. . 1947
1884-1966 - Kees Boeke - Helped start FOR, SCI & WRI at his home in Bilthoven. Wrote "Cosmic View" in 1957.
1884-1968 - Norman Thomas - Six-time presidential candidate for the Socialist Party of America. 1967

1885-1967 - A. J. Muste - Click here for monuments related to Muste & 7 others. 1966
1885-1968 - Lester, Muriel - Operated Kingsley Hall (where Gandhi stayed in 1931).
1885-1969 - Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze - Co-founded Fellowship of Reconciliation with Henry Hodgkin in 1914.
1885-1974 - Richard Gregg - Mentor of Robert Swann. Lived with Scott & Helen Nearing.
1885-1985 - Nichidatsu Fujii (Guruji) - Founded the Nipponzan-Myohoji order of Buddhism. Click here for Peace Pagodas.
1886-1918 - Randolph Bourne - Wrote "War is the Health of the State." Died at age 32. See RBI.
1886-1954 - Ellen Starr Brinton - First curator of the Swarthmore College Peace Collection (USA).
1886-1977 - Ralph Borsodi - Wrote "This Ugly Civilization" in 1929. Click here for monuments related to Borsodi & 7 others.
1886-1941 - Minnie Vautrin - See below.
1887-1944 - Max Josef Metzger.
1887-1976 - Rene Cassin - See Cassin Memorial in Forbach (France). 1968
1888-1976 - Theodore Lentz.
1888-1988 - Fenner Brockway - Click here for monuments in England.
1889-1938 - Carl von Ossietzky. 1935
1889-1968 - Pitirim Sorokin.
1889-1982 - Philip Noel-Baker. 1959

1890-1970 - Quincy Wright.
1891-1942 - Edith Stein.
1891-1971 - Reinhold Neibur.
1892-1973 - Pearl S. Buck. 1938
1892-1984 - Martin Niemöller.
1893-1918 - Wilfred Owen - See below.
1893-1970 - Vera Brittain.
1893-1971 - Dan West - Brethren founder of the Heifer Project.
1894-1943 - Maria Restituta Kafka.
1894-1967 - Ernest Friedrich - Created Anti-War Museum, Berlin (Germany), in 1925.

1895-1982 - Vinova Bhave.
1895-1986 - Jiddu Krishnamurti.
1895-2001 - Floyd Schmoe - Peace activist. Created Sadako Sasaki monument in Seattle.
1896-1980 - Gaston Bouthoul.
1896-1984 - Ralph T. Templin - Acquainted with Gandhi (India) & Ralph Borsodi in New York state (USA).
1897-1972 - Lester Bowles Pearson. Only Canadian recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. 1957
1897-1980 - Dorothy Day. Co-founded Catholic Worker Movement with Peter Maurin (qv). 1975
1898-1940 - Hermann Stöhr - Pacifist & anti-Nazi resistance fighter.
1898-1967 - Chief Albert Lutuli - Anti-apartheid movement (South Africa). 1960
1898-1970 - Erich Maria Remarque - Wrote "All Quiet on the Western Front" in 1929.
1898-1990 - Hugo Enomiya Lassalle - Built Memorial Cathedral for World Peace in Hiroshima in 1954.
1899-1977 - Alice Franklin Bryant - Peace activist.

1900-1965 - Adlai Stevenson - Two-time Democratic candidate for president of the US.
1900-1980 - Erich Fromm - Wrote "The Fear of Freedom" in 1941.
1900-1986 - Chiune (Sempo) Sugihara - Japanese vice consul in Vilnius (Lithuania) during WW-II. See below.
1900-1992 - Mildred Jansen Loomis - Successor to Ralph Borsodi (qv). Click here for monuments related to them & 6 others.
1901-1975 - Eisaku Sato. Only Japanese recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. 1974 with Sean MacBride
1901-1978 - Margaret Mead - Wrote "Coming of Age in Samoa" in 1928. 1901-1990 - Fritz Eichenberg - Illustrator.
1901-1994 - Linus Pauling - Click here for Nobel Peace Prize monuments. 1954 1962 1962
1902-1979 - Jayaprakash (JP) Narayan - Gandhian.
1902-1986 - Alva Myrdal - Wife of Gunner Myrdal. 1982 with Alfonso Garcia Robles Posthumous
1902-1988 - Edita Toll Morris - Peace activist. Wrote "The Flowers of Hiroshima" in 1959.
1902-1990 - Elizabeth Evans Baker - Subject of "Peace is Everybody's Business" by Marta Daniels (1999).
1902-1999 - Tomin Harada - Medical doctor & peace activist. Led the "Hiroshima Maidens" to USA in 1955.
1903-1971 - Ralph Bunche - Click here for monuments related to the United Nations. 1950 1963
1904-1961 - Marcel Junod - Field delegate of International Committee of the Red Cross. See monument in Hiroshima.
1904-1988 - Sean MacBride President of Intrnational Peace Bureau 1974-1985. 1974 with Eisaku Sato
1904-1995 - Helen Knothe Nearing. Wife of Scott Nearing with whom she co-authored "Living the Good Life" in 1954. .

1905-1961 - Dag Hammarskjöld - UN Secretary General 1953-1961. Click here for UN monuments. 1961
1905-1968 - Shinzo Hamai - Mayor of Hiroshima 1947-1955 & 1959-1967. Created Hiroshima's image as a city of peace.
1905-1976 - Dalton Trumbo - One of the Hollywood Ten. See below.
1905-1982 - Canon John Collins - Anglican clergyman. Helped found Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament in 1957.
1905-1990 - Myles Horton - Founded Highlander Research & Education Center in 1932. Husband of Zilphia Horton.
1905-1995 - Senator J. William Fulbright - Click here for peace monuments in Arkansas (USA). 1993
1905-1997 - Viktor E. Frankl - Click here for the "Statue of Responsibility."
1906-1945 - Dietrich Bonhoeffer - Nazi resister.
1906-1975 - Hannah Arendt - Wrote "The Origins of Totalitarianism" in 1951.
1906-1985 - Bert Röling - Helped found International Peace Research Association in 1964.
1906-1993 - Albert Bigelow. Click here for peace monuments related to boats.
1906-1999 - Nikkyo Niwano - Helped found Rissho Kosei Kai Buddhist order in 1938.
1906-Alive - Edgar Wayburn - Five time president of the Sierra Club. 1995
1907-1943 - Franz Jägerstätter - Click here for peace monuments in Austria & Germany.
1907-1964 - Rachel Carson - Wrote "The Sea Around Us" in 1951 & "Silent Spring" in 1962.
1907-1990 - William R. Huntington. Click here for peace monuments related to boats.
1907-1995 - U Nu - Burma Prime Minister 1948-56, 1957-58 & 1960-62. Built Kaba Aye/World Peace Pagoda in 1952.
1907-2007 - Ralph K.White Wrote "Fearful Warriors: A Psychological Profile of U.S.-Soviet Relations" in 1984.
1908-1951 - Takashi Nagai - Doctor & writer. Survivor of the Nagasaki A-bomb. "Saint of Urakami."
1908-19?? - Lawrence Scott - "Radical Quaker." Co-founded CNVA in 1957, AQAG in 1966 & MNS in 1971.
1908-1981 - Peace Pilgrim (Mildred Lisette Norman) - Walked 28 years for peace. See below. Posthumous
1908-1986 - Dana McLean Greeley - 1st pres. of UUA 1961. Helped found World Conf. of Religions for Peace in 1970.
1908-1993 - Tadeusz Pankiewicz - Rescued Jews in Krakow. One of 6,125 Polish "Righteous Among the Nations."
1908-2005 - Joseph Rotblat - Manhattan Project scientist. See monuments related to the Nobel Peace Prize. 1995
1908-2005 - Simon Wiesenthal - "Nazi hunter." Click here for peace monuments related to the Holocaust.
1909-1990 - Lotta Hitschmanova - Founded Unitarian Service Committee of Canada.
1909-2002 - Marion Gräfin Dönhoff - Member of anti-Nazi resistance.
1909-Alive - Milton Rogovin - Photographer. Father of Mark Rogovin (qv).

1910-1956 - Zilphia Horton - Civil rights activist & folklorist. Wife of Myles Horton.
1910-1969 - Father Georges Pire - Helped Displaced Persons. Founded L'Université de Paix in 1960. 1958
1910-1991 - Alfred Hassler - Executive Director, Fellowship of Reconcilation.
1910-1993 - Kenneth E. Boulding - Husband of Elise M. Boulding.
1910-1997 - Mother Teresa - Click here for Wikipedia page about her "commemorations." 1979 1985 Year?
1910-1998 - Earle Reynolds - Constructed the "Phoenix of Hiroshima." Husband of Barbard Leonard Reynolds.
1910-2008 - Irena Sendler.
1911-1977 - E. F. (Fritz) Schumacher - Wrote "Small is Beautiful" in 1973. See monuments related to Schumacher & 7 others.
1911-1990 - Le Duc Tho - Signed Paris Peace Accords in 1973. Declined the Nobel Peace Prize. 1973 with Henry Kissinger
1911-1991 - Alfonso Garcia Robles. 1982 with Alva Myrdal
1911-2000 - Gwen Grant Mellon. 2000
1911-2007 - Anatol Rapoport.
1912-1987 - Bayard Rustin - Civil rights movement (USA). See below.
1912-1947 - Raoul Wallenberg - See below.
1912-1969 - Clarence Jordan - Founded Koinonia Farm near Americus, Georgia (USA), in 1942. 2008
1912-1991 - Jean Goss.
1912-1992 - Karl Duetsch.
1912-2000 - David Brower - Founded Friends of the Earth & many other environmentalist organizations.
1913-1960 - Albert Camus - Wrote L'Étranger/The Stranger" in 1942.
1913-1991 - Miriam Levering - Orchardist. See "Citizen Action for Global Change: Neptune Group & Law of the Sea."
1913-1992 - Willy Brandt. 1971
1913-1992 - Menachem Begin. 1978 with Anwar al-Sadat
1913-1999 - Georgia Lloyd Berndt - World Federalist. Daughter of Lola Maverick Lloyd (qv).
1913-2005 - Rosa Parks. Click here for peace monuments in Alabama (USA). 1991 1996 Year?
1914-1985 - Gerald Holtom - Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Designed the CND peace symbol in 1958.
1914-1993 - James Peck. Click here for peace monuments related to boats.
1914-2000 - Sister Maria Isolina Ferre Aguayo. 1989
1914-2004 - Rainer Hildebrandt - Resistance fighter. Founder of Checkpoint Charlie Museum in Berlin (Germany) in 1962.
1914-2006 - Louis B. Sohn - Law Professor. Wrote "World PeaceThrough World Law" in 1958 with Greenville Clark.
1914-2009 - Norman Borlaug - "Father of the Green Revolution." 1970 1977
1914-2010 - George Willoughby. Click here for peace monuments related to boats.
1914-Alive - Irwin Abrams. Academic expert on Nobel Peace Prize; click here for article.

1915-1968 - Thomas Merton - Catholic writer, social activist & student of comparative religion.
1915-1990 - Norman Cousins - "Tireless advocate of liberal causes." 1st US monument in Hiroshima. 1990
1915-1990 - Barbara Leonard Reynolds - Founded WFC & PRC. 2nd US monument in Hiroshima.
1915-2006 - Alvin Weinberg - Manhattan Project scientist. Proposed "The Sanctification of Hiroshima" in 1985.
1916-2006 - Adam Curle - First professor of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford (England).
1915-Alive - John Burton - Helped found International Peace Research Association in 1964.
1916-1962 - Tom Slick - Texas busnessman. Wrote "Permanent Peace: A Check and Balance Plan" in 1958.
1916-1980 - Masahisa Goi - Created "May Peace Prevail on Earth" & Peace Poles.
1916-1993 - Homer A. Jack - Secretary General of World Conference of Religions for Peace 1970-1983.
1916-1994 - Takeshi Araki - Mayor of Hiroshima 1975-1991. Founded Mayors for Peace in 1982.
1916-1999 - H. Stuart Hughes - Co-chiar of SANE with Dr. Benjamin Spock.
1916-Alive - John R. Ewbank - World federalist. Wrote "A History of the World Government Movement" about 2001.
1917-1977 - Fannie Lou Hamer. Click here for peace monuments in Alabama (USA).
1917-1980 - Bishop Oscar Romero.
1917-1984 - Barbara Deming - "Created a body of non-violent theory centered on the women's movement."
1918-1981 - Anwar al-Sadat. 1978 with Menachem Begin 1984 Posthumous
1918-2002 - Elisabeth Mann-Borgese - "Mother of the Law of the Sea Treaty" (1982). Daughter of Thomas Mann.
1918-2003 - Robert Swann - Click here for monuments related to Swann & 7 others.
1918-Alive - Gordon Kiyoshi Hirabayashi - See below.
1918-Alive - Nelson Mandela. 1993 with F.W.de Klerk 2000 2002
1919-2001 - James W. Bristah - Founded Swords Into Plowshares Peace Center & Gallery, Detroit, MI (USA), in 1986.
1919-Alive - Walter Isard.
1919-Alive - Pete Seeger - Iconic folk singer & social activist.

1920-1999 - James L. Farmer, Jr. - Co-founded Congress of Racial Equality in 1942. 1998
1920-2005- Pope John Paul II - See monument in Hiroshima.
1920-Alive - Elise M. Boulding - Wife of Kenneth Boulding. Year?
1921-1989 - Andrei Sakharov. 1975
1921-1992 - Alex Haley - Click here for monuments related to slavery.
1921-Alive - Joseph Lowery. Husband of Evelyn Gibson Lowery (qv). 2006 2009
1922-1995 - Yitzhak Rabin. 1994 with Yasser Arafat & Shimon Peres 1995
1922-2001 - Leon Sullivan - Civil rights leader & anti-Apartheid activist..
1922-2010 - Howard Zinn - Wrote "A People's History of the US" in 1980. Worked two days before he died. Year?
1922-Alive - Boutros Boutros-Ghali - UN Secretry General 1992-1997. Issued "An Agenda for Peace" in 1992.
1923-2002 - Philip Berrigan.
1923-2009 - Ed Grothus - Click here for peace monuments in Los Alamos, New Mexico (USA).
1923-Alive - Shimon Peres. 1994 with Yasser Arafat & Yitzhak Rabin
1923-Alive - Henry Kissinger - Signed Paris Peace Accords in 1973. 1973 with Le Duc Tho
1924-1993 - E.P.Thompson.
1924-1997 - Danilo Dolci.
1924-2003 - Ernst B. Haas.
1924-2006 - Wiliam Sloane Coffin - President of SANE/FREEZE (now Peace Action). 2004
1924-2008 - Pierre Weil.
1924-Alive - Jimmy Carter - Click here for monuments in Georgia (USA). 1987 1994 1999 2002

1925-1965 - Viola Liuzzo - Civil rights movement (USA).
1925-2009 - Kim Dae-jung. 2000
c1925-Alive - Cora Weiss - President of International Peace Bureau & Hague Appeal for Peace.
1926-1987 - Margaret Laurence.
1926-1990 - Ralph Abernathy - Civil rights movement (USA).
1926-Alive - Jim Bohlen.
1926-Alive - Thich Nhat Hanh. Year?
1926-Alive - Sanford Gottlieb - Executive Director of SANE (now Peace Action).
1927-1989 - Edward Abbey - Author. "Thoreau of the American West.".
1927-1993 - César Chávez - Labor leader & civil rights activist. Co-founded National Farm Workers Association. 1989
1927-2006 - Coretta Scott King - Wife of Martin Luther King, Jr. 1991
1927-Alive - Evelyn Gibson Lowery. Wife of Joseph Lowery (qv). Has erected many civil rights monuments.
1928-Alive - James Lawson - Civil rights movement (USA). 2004
1928-Alive - Noam Chomsky - "A father of modern linguistics, political dissident & anarchist."
1928-Alive - Elie Wiesel - "Messenger to mankind." Professor & holocaust survivor. 1986 1995
1928-Alive - Daisaku Ikeda - Click here for peace monuments of Soka Gakkai International (SGI).
1928-Alive - Gene Sharp - "The greatest theorist of nonviolence since Gandhi." 2008
1929-1968 - Martin Luther King, Jr. - Click here for monuments related to MLK. 1964 1977 Posthumous
1929-1945 - Anne Frank - Click here - Click here for peace monuments in the Netherlands.
1929-2004 - Yassar Arafat. 1994 with Shimon Peres & Yitzha Rabin
1929-2009 - Franz Deutsch - Founded the First Austrian Peace Museum, Wolfsegg (Austria), in 1993.
1929-Alive - Staughton Lynd - Subject of "The Admirable Radical: Staughton Lynd & Cold War Dissent, 1945-1970."
1929-Alive - Betty A. Reardon - Founded International Institute on Peace Education in 1982.
1929-Alive - Bruce Kent - Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Click here for recent article by Kent.

1930-Alive - Johan Galtung. Helped found the International Peace Research Institute (PRIO) in 1959.
c1930-Alive - Michael True. Prof. Emer., Assumption College, & Past Pres., Intl. Peace Research Assn. Year? 2002
c1930-Alive - Christine Dull - Co-founded Dayton Interntional Peace Museum, Dayton, Ohio (USA), in 2005.
1931-2007 - Sri Chinmoy Kumar Ghose - Click here for Sri Chinmoy monuments .
1931-Alive - Bishop Desmond Tutu. 1984 1986 1992 2009
1931-Alive - Shigeko Yoshino Uppuluri - Born Kyoto. Shanghai 1936-45. Intl. Friendship Bell in Oak Ridge (USA).
1931-Alive - Billy Frank, Jr. Native American. 1992
1931-Alive - Mikhail Gorbachev. 1990 Year? 1998
1931-Alive - Adolfo Perez Esquivel. 1980
1932-Alive - Dennis Banks - Native American. Depicted on peace mural in St. Paul, Minnesota (USA).
1932-Alive - Andrew Young - Civil rights movement (USA). 1981 Year? 1996
1933-1965 - Norman R. Morrison - Commited suicide at Pentagon to protest Vietnam War.
1933-Alive - Yoko Ono - Click here for monuments related to John Lennon & Yoko Ono. Year?
1933-Alive - George J. Mitchell - Negotiated "Good Friday" peace agreement in Ireland. 1999
1934-Alive - Arun Gandhi - Grandson of Mahatma Gandhi. Founded M.K. Gandhi Institute of Nonviolence (USA). Year?
1934-Alive - Lester R. Brown - Environmentalist. Founded Worldwatch Institute in 1974 & Earth Watch Institute in 2001.
1934-Alive - Jane Goodall. 1999
1934-Alive - Bill Moyers.

1935-2005 - Elmer Maas.
1935-2009 - Millard Fuller - Founded Habitat for Humanity, Americus, Georgia (USA), in 1976. 1996
1935-Alive - Morris Dees - Co-founded Southern Poverty Law Center, Montgomery, Alabama (USA), in 1971.
1935-Alive - 14th Dalai Lama. 1989 Year? 2009
1935-Alive - Rajmohan Gandhi - Grandson of Mahatma Gandhi. Wrote "Mohandas: A True Story of a Man, His People..."
c1935-Alive - Don Tilley - Operated Prairie Peace Park, Seward, Nebraska (USA), 1994-2005.
1936-Alive - F.W. de Klerk. 1993 with Nelson Mandela
1937-Alive - Martti Ahtisaari. 2008
1937-Alive - John Hume. 1998 with David Trimble
1938-1998 - Paul Smoker.
1938-Alive - Helen Caldicott - Founded Women's Action for New Directions in 1982. 1980 Year?
1938-Alive - Father Roy Bourgeois. Year? 1994
1938-Alive - Kofi Annan - UN Secretary General 1997-2007. 2001
1938-Alive - Peter Edelman - Husband of Marian Wright Edelman.
1939-Alive - Marian Wright Edelman - Founded CDF in 1973. 1988 1990 1993 1995 2000
1939-Alive - Sister Helen Prejean - Death penalty opponent.

1940-1980 - John Lennon - Click here for monuments related to John Lennon & Yoko Ono. Posthumous
1940-Alive - Muhammad Yunus. 2006
1940-Alive - Wangari Maathai. 2004
1940-Alive - Ela Gandhi - Granddaughter of Mahatma Gandhi. Dedicated peace monument in Independence (USA). 2002
1940-Alive - Óscar Rafael de Jesús Arias Sánchez. 1987 2001
1940-Alive - John Lewis - Civil rights movement (USA). 2004
1940-Alive - Bernard Lafayette. Civil rights movement (USA).
1940-Alive - Ituro Anzai - Founded Kyoto Museum for World Peace in 1992. See bibliography.
1941-Alive - Joan Baez.
1941-Alive - Lawrence S. Witner, State University of New York, Albany, New York (USA).
1942-Alive - Mohamed ElBaradei - IAEA Director General 1997-2009. 2005
1942-Alive - Tadatoshi Akiba - Mayor of Hiroshima since 1999. President of Mayors for Peace.
1942-Alive - Garrison Keillor.
1942-Alive - Muhammad Ali - Boxer & UN Messenger of Peace.
1943-1955 - Sadako Sasaki - Click here for monuments related to Sadako, children & origami peace cranes.
1943-Alive - Scilla Elworthy.
1943-Alive - Lech Walesa. 1983 1989 1999
c1943-Alive - Rabbi Michael Lerner - Wrote "The Politics of Meaning" in 1996. Year?
1943-Alive - Betty Williams. 1976 with Mairead Corrigan
1944-Alive - Mairead Corrigan. 1976 with Betty Williams
1944-Alive - Howard Zehr. 2006
1944-Alive - David Trimble. 1998 with John Hume
1944-Alive - Jessica Reynolds Shaver Renshaw - Daughter of Earle & Barbara Reynolds.

1945-Alive - Aung San Suu Kyi - General Secretary of Burmese National League for Democracy. 1991
1946-Alive - Dennis Kucinich - Proposed a US Department of Peace. 2003
1946-Alive - Ron Kovic - Anti-war activist. Paralyzed Vietnam War veteran. Wrote "Born on the Fourth of July."
1947-1992 - Petra Kelly - Helped found the German Green Party in the 1970's.
1947-Alive - Peter Wolf Toth - Wood carver.
1947-Alive - Shirin Ebadi. 2003
1948-2003 - Sérgio Vieira de Mello - Click here for monuments related to the United Nations.
1948-Alive - Peter van den Dungen - Founded International Network of Museums for Peace in 1992. See bibliography.
1948-Alive - Al Gore. 2007
1948-Alive - David Krieger - Founder & President of Nuclear Age Peace Foundation.
1948-Alive - Lewis M. Randa. Founded the Peace Abbey, Sherborn, Massachusetts (USA), in 1988.
1948-Alive - Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo. 1996 with Jose Ramos-Horta
1949-1997 - Judi Bari - Environmentalist & labor leader, feminist & principal organizer of Earth First!.
1949-Alive - Jose Ramos-Horta. 1996 with Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo
1949-Alive - Holly Near - Singer song-writer, anti-war activist.

c1950-Alive - Mark Rogovin - Son of Milton Rogovin. Co-founded The Peace Museum, Chicago, Illinois (USA), in 1981.
c1950-Alive - Harry Targ - Peace studies.
1950-Alive - Jody Williams - Click here for monuments related to the Nobel Peace Prize. 1997
1951-2006 - Tom Fox - Member of Christian Peacemaker Teams killed in Iraq.
1952-Alive - Dorothy (Dot) Maver - Helped found National Peace Academy (NPA) in 2009.
1952-Alive - Vandana Shiva - Ecofeminist.
1955-Alive - Cynthia McKinney - 3rd "Peace Thru Conscience" Award of Munich American Peace Committee in 2010.
1956-Alive - Sri Sri Ravi Shankar.
1956-Alive - Chris Hedges - Socialist journalist. Wrote "War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning" in 2002.
1957-Alive - Cindy Sheehan. 2005
1957-Alive - Greg Mortenson - Founded Pennies for Peace. 2008
1959-Alive - Rigoberta Menchu Tum. 1992

1960-Alive - Bono. 2004
c1960-Alive - Steve Leeper - Chair of Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation.
c1960-Alive - Wendy Chmielewski - Curator of Swarthmore College Peace Collection, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania (USA).
1961-Alive - Barak Hussein Obama II. 2009
1961-Alive - Leyla Zana - Turkish politicial emprisoned for speaking Kurdish.

1972-1985 - Samantha Reed Smith - Click here for monuments related to Smith.
1978-Alive - Leymah Gbowee.
1979-2003 - Rachel Corrie

Right click image to enlarge.

August 18, 1893 - Henry Richard Statue, Tregaron, Cardiganshire (Wales). By Albert Toft."Henry Richard [1812-1888] was born in Tregaron. He was a Nonconformist minister in London before being elected the Liberal Member of Parliament for Merthyr Tydfil in 1868. He was known as 'The Apostle of Peace' in recognition of his work with the Peace Society." One of 13 sites on the MAW Peace Map of the British Isles as of January 2009.

About 1930? - Statue of Emily Hobhouse, Parish Church, St. Ive, Cornwall (England). There are many memorials for social activist & Second Boer War relief worker Emily Hobhouse [1860-1926]. Click for bust, plaque (June 8, 1994), scenic lounge, hotel suite, street, and old age home. Also see the 1913 National Women's Monument in Bloemfontein (South Africa) where her ashes are distributed. She & her brother, liberal politician Leonard Trelawny Hobhouse [1864-1929], were both born in St Ive. Photo taken 26 January 2010 courtesy of Lisa Heeley, Paddy Long & Gerard Lossbroek.

Date? - Richmond Castle, Richmond, North Yorkshire (England). The castle's Exhibition Centre includes a virtual reality touch-screen guide about the imprisonment in the castle of the concientious objectors in the First World War. Concientious objectors, conscripted into the army and sent to join the Non Combatant Corps at Richmond, were put in the cells as a result of their refusal to obey orders." One of 13 sites on the MAW Peace Map of the British Isles as of January 2009.

1956-1969 - Peace & Justice Murals, Third Unitarian Church, Mayfield & Fulton Streets, Chicago, Illinois (USA). 24 murals depicting "saints of liberalism." Painted by artist Andrene Kauffman [1905-1993] over a 14 year period. The "saints" (in alphabetical order) are: Jane Addams, John Peter Altgeld (governor 1893-1897), Susan B. Anthony, E.T. Buehrer (minister 1941-1969), Albert Camus, William Ellery Channing, Confucius, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Mohandas Gandhi (left image), Jesus, Martin Luther King Jr., Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln (right image), James Martineau, Thomas Paine. Theodore Parker; Joseph Priestley, Siddhartha Gautama, Socrates, Harriet Tubman. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Walt Whitman, Roger Williams & Woodrow Wilson.

January 3, 1959 - Conscientious Objectors Memorial Plaque, Peace Pledge Union (PPU), 1 Peace Passage, London (England). Names 70 of the 81 British CO's known to have died during World War I. Carved by Dorothy Stevens in 1923. First erected in Berlin (Germany) at the headquarters of the Bund der Kriegsdienstgegner, the German section of the War Resisters International (WRI),. Taken to south Denmark in 1933. Hidden in Sweden in 1940. Now on permanent loan to the PPU, principal British section of the WRI. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website.

1980 - Statue of Jennette Rankin, Second Floor, State Capitol, Helena, Monana (USA). Original of statue by Terry Mimnaugh honoring Jennette Rankin [1880-1973] in Statuary Hall, US Capitol, Washington, DC (USA). Entry #576 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1985 - Statue of Jennette Rankin, Statuary Hall, US Capitol, Washington, DC (USA). Duplicate of statue by Terry Mimnaugh honoring Jennette Rankin [1880-1973] in state capitol, Helena, Montana (USA). Entry #1117 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1986 - Peace Farm, Amarillo, Texas (USA). Twenty acres of land on the southern boundary of the Pantex Plant. "Established as an information source about the Pantex Plant and to stand as a visible witness against the weapons of mass destruction being assembled there." Includes the Madre Sculpture.

1988 - Memorial pour la Paix de Caen / Caen Peace Museum, Esplanade General Eisenhower, Caen, Normandy (France). Principally about World War II but includes other themes, including a galley of Nobel Peace Prize winners.

July 1988 - Freedom Quilt Mural, SE Regional Office, American Friends Service Cte. (AFSC), 92 Piedmont Avenue, NE, Atlanta, Georgia (USA). Mural by David Fichter. Features Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, Jr., and 14 other famous peacemakers. Created as part of Rainbow Coalition events during the 1988 Democratic National Convention. Click here for further information. Entry #240 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1989 - Quaker Tapestry, Friends Meeting House, Kendal, Cumbria, England (UK). A chronicle of Quaker life over 350 years. 77 hand-crafted embroidery panels, beautifully illustrated by 4,000 men, women and children from 15 countries.

August 28, 1989 - Bayard Rustin Plaque, Ralph Bunch Park, East 43rd Street & First Avenue, New York City, New York (USA). Honors Bayard Rustin [1912-1987]. Quote on plaque: "THE PRINCIPAL FACTORS WHICH INFLUENCED MY LIFE ARE NON-VIOLENT TACTICS CONSTITUTIONAL MEANS; DEMOCRATIC PROCEDURES; RESPECT FOR HUMAN PERSONALITY; A BELIEF THAT ALL PEOPLE ARE ONE." Entry #681 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1990 - Peace Garden, Fresno State University, Fresno, California (USA). Created by Prof. Sudarshan Kapoor. Includes statues of Mahatma Gandhi, Cesar Chavez & Martin Luther King, Jr. Entry #65 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

August 6, 1990 - Association for the Flame of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Ueno Toshogu Shrine, Tokyo (Japan). "We hereby pledge to keep burning the A-bomb flame[s from Hiroshima & Nagasaki], convinced that this monument should contribute to strengthening the worldwide people’s movement to abolish nuclear weapons and achieve peace, which is the most urgent task for the people across the borders." Photo by EWL.

August 6, 1990 - Sadako Peace Park, Seattle, Washington (USA). Initiative of conscientious objector Floyd W. Schmoe [1895-2001] who rebuilt homes in Hiroshima (Japan). Inscription: "Sadako Sasaki, Peace Child. She gave us the paper crane to symbolize our yearning for peace in the world. A gift to the people of Seattle from Fratelli's Ice Cream. Daryl Smith - Sculptor. 1990." Vandalized in December 2005 but repaired. Image shows hibakusha Ken Nakano of Kirkland, Washington. Entry #1063 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

January 15, 1991 - Peace Monument, Harrison County Courthouse, Corydon, Indiana (USA). Conceived by Mark Stein to balance seven war memorials on all other sides of the courthouse. Simple stone slab with a dove & inscribed only "Dedicated to the Peaceful Resolution of Conflict", plus this quotation: "Every gun that is made, every warship launched, every rocket fired signifies, in the final sense, a theft from those who hunger and are not fed, those who are cold and are not clothed. This world in arms is not spending money alone, it is spending the sweat of its laborers, the genius of its scientists, the hopes of its children. -- Dwight D. Eisenhower [1890-1969]." Dedicated on Martin Luther King, Jr.'s birthday. Visited by EWL 09Aug09.

May 24, 1991 - Kahlil Gibran Memorial, Massachusetts Avenue, NW (Embassy Row), Washington, DC (USA). "President George H.W. Bush ceremoniously cut the ribbon to the memorial garden stating, 'All who contributed to this memorial offer it as a real tribute to Gibran’s legacy – his belief in brotherhood, his call for compassion, and, perhaps above all, his passion for peace.' Some people may have questioned the sincerity of those remarks, given that a few months earlier Bush spearheaded an international coalition to wage war against Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait." Click here for the Wikipedia article on Kahlil Gibran [1883-1931]. See other Gibran memorials in Bsharri (Lebanon) and Boston, Massachusetts (USA).

October 22, 1992 - Peacemakers Monument, Shenandoah University, Winchester,Virginia (USA). Commemorating the handshake between President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev on December 7, 1987.

1990 - Peacemakers Monument, Federation of Peace and Conciliation, 36 Prospect Mira, Moscow (Russia). Commemorating the handshake between President Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev on December 7, 1987.

June 1993 - "Symmetry" (Wilfred Owen Memorial), Shrewsbury Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury, Shropshire (England). Sculpture by Paul de Monchaux. Inscribed "I am the enemy you killed, my friend" from " Strange Meeting." "Wilfred Owen [1893-1918] [is] best known for his angry poetry on the supposed nobility and glory of war. But while he was compassionate to those around him, he was not self-pitying and earned the Military Cross for his bravery... [He] was killed leading his men across the Sambre-Oise canal in northern France just seven days before the peace was signed." One of 13 sites on the MAW Peace Map of the British Isles as of January 2009.

August 1993 - Dalton Trumbo Fountain Court, University Memorial Center (UMC), Colorado University (CU), Boulder, Colorado (USA). Named for Dalton Trumbo [1905-1976] the blacklisted author and CU alumnus who stood up to Senator Joe McCarthy's House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in 1947. "Free-speech area" for campus events such as speeches and rallies. Rehabilitated in 2003. Visited by EWL.

May 15, 1994 - Conscientious Objectors Stone, Tavistock Square, London (England). Solid rock of grey Cumbrian slate. Next to Gandhi statue (qv). Dedicated on Conscientious Objectors Day. One of 21 peace monuments named by the PPU website. Named in "A Peace Trail Through London" by Valerie Flessati (1998).

October 2, 1994 - Pacifist Memorial, Peace Abbey, Sherborn, Massachsetts (USA). Six radiating brick walls surrounding a statue of Mahatma Gandhi by Ludo Goudjabidze. The walls contain the names of and quotations from famous pacifists. Dedicated on 125th anniversary of Gandhi's birth. Entry #471 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

Date? - Memorial Stone & Remembrance Cabin, Conscientious Objectors Hill of Remembrance, Peace Abbey, Sherborn, Massachsetts (USA). .

1995 - "Heroes of Freedom, Justice and Peace," 175 Concord Street, St. Paul, Minnesota (USA). Mural by Craig Davis. Depicts eight peacemakers. Maintained by El Burrito Mercado.

October 26, 1996 - Civilian Public Service historical marker, Friends Center, 1501 Cherry Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (USA). "Commissioned by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission." Honors "some 12,000 men who were classified as conscientious objectors to war...during World War II."

1997 - Peace Wall & Moon Gate, Lion & Lamb Peace Arts Center, Bluffton University, Riley Court (Lower Level), Spring Street, Bluffton, Ohio (USA). By Jon Barlow Hudson. "Replicates the Berlin Wall, a prison wall, a stockade wall & a memorial wall as an interactive art experience representing how we close people out, hold them in or immortalize them with walls of various kinds." Entry #793 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1998 - Peace Rock, yard of Dick Bennett, Fayetteville, Arkansas (USA). Sculpted by Hank Kaminsky. About 4-feet wide. Bears names of 30 male & female peacemakers. Entry #31 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1998 - "Hope", Raoul Wallenberg Walk, First Avenue at East 47th Street, New York City, New York (USA). Monument honoring Raoul Wallenberg [1912-1947?]. Entry #705 in the "Peace Movement Directory" by James Richard Bennett (2001).

1999 - Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Site, Sky Island Scenic Byway, Coronado National Forest (Arizona). "The site was built in 1937 as a Federal prison camp; these prisoners built the highway. During WWII, some prisoners were conscientious objectors; some were Japanese Americans protesting the relocation. Gordon Hirabayashi refused a Relocation order and served his sentence here after the Supreme Court upheld his conviction."

December 1999? - Sugihara House-Museum, 30 Vaizganto Street, Kaunas/Kovnos (Lithuania). Two-story residence at which Jewish refugees once lined up in their hundreds to receive visas form Shiune Sugihara [1900-1986], consul of the Empire of Japan in Lithuania. Kaunas is Lithuania's second largest city.

July 2000 - Chiune Sugihara Memorial Hall & Museum, 1071 Yaozu, Yaotsu-cho, Kamo-gun, Gifu Prefecture (Japan). Shiune Sugihara [1900-1986] was a Japanese diplomat who helped thousands of Jews leave the Soviet Union while serving as consul of the Empire of Japan in Lithuania. The musuem is his birthplace.

November 19, 2000 - Statue of "The Peace Pilgrim," UN Univerity for Peace, Ciudad Colon, 30 kms southwest of San Jose (Costa Rica). By Costa Rican sculptor Fernando Calvo. See other statue in New Jersey (USA).

July 12, 2005 - Peace Pilgrim Park, Egg Harbor City, New Jersey (USA). In the hometown of "Peace Pilgrim" Mildred Lisette Norman [1908-1981]. See other monument in Costa Rica.

December 13, 2000 - Minnie Vautrin Memorial, Ginling Girls College, Nanjing (China). Minnie Vautrin [1886-1941], was an American missionary renowned for saving the lives of many women during the Nanjing Massacre. Click here for chronology of Ginling College & Minnie Vautrin.

Date? - Minnie Vautrin Memorial, Secor Community Building, Secor, Illinois (USA). Bench & plaque memorializing Minnie Vautrin [1886-1941], an American missionary born in Secor, IL (population 379). Renowned for saving the lives of many women at the Ginling Girls College in Nanking, China, during the Nanjing Massacre.

2002 - Gospodor Monument Park, Camus Road, Toledo-Winlock (near Olympia), Washington (USA). "Four towering memorials commemorating Jesus, Chief Seattle, Mother Teresa, and the Holocaust with statues or symbols atop 100-foot-plus steel-pipe towers. Visible for miles, especially at night. Dominic Gospodor had planned five more monuments: Two large ones to honor African-American history and the 17,000 people killed each year by drunken driving. Three statues to commemorate Jonas Salk, Susan B. Anthony, and William Seward. He said his monument project has so far cost him about $500,000. Gospodor is horrified by the Holocaust. Raised Catholic, he is especially concerned about the church's inaction during World War II: "They all remained silent. Everybody remained silent."

May 15, 2005 - Welsh monument to Conscientious Objection, National Garden of Peace, Cardiff (Wales). Inscription: "If the right to life is the first of all human rights, being the one on which all other rights depend, the right to refuse to kill must be the second."

November 19, 2005 - Memorial to Deserters, Lehrertal entrance, university botanical garden, Ulm (Germany). Creation of Hannah Stuetz Menzel. Memorializes the men who deserted the Wehrmacht during World War II (15,000 men were executed).

2006 - "John Rabe & International Safety Zone Memorial Hall," Nanjing University, Nanjing (China). Contains "John Rabe International Research & Exchange Center for Peace and Reconciliation." John Rabe [1882-1950], "the good Nazi," was a German businessman who is best known for his efforts to stop the atrocities of the Japanese army during the Nanking Massacre.

2010 - "Remember Them," park next to Fox Theater, Oakland, California (USA). ''$7 million monument, featuring 25 famous people who fought for peace or human rights. They're an unlikely crew, ranging from Winston Churchill to Malcolm X to Harvey Milk to Mother Teresa. Will be one of the largest bronze sculptures in the USA -- three stories tall, weigh about 25 tons and span 90 feet. 'People don't usually pay attention to public artwork. But the artwork that people get excited about - it's big,' said Oakland artist Mario Chiodo, 48, who until now was best known for his horror masks and Las Vegas sculptures. 'If I had my way, it would have 300 people. But you've got to start someplace.'"

Future - National Peace Museum of Conscientious Objection & Anti-war Activism, Stockade, Presidio, San Francisco, California (USA).

Please email your comments & questions to geovisual at comcast.net. Thank you.

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